Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jørgensen, KE , Aarstad, ÅK, Laatikainen, K, Drieskens, E & Tonra, B (eds) 2015, The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy. vol. 1-2, SAGE Publications.

Kristensen, K , Ettenhuber, P , Eriksen, JJ , Jensen, F & Jørgensen, P 2015, 'The same number of optimized parameters scheme for determining intermolecular interaction energies', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 142, 114116. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4915141

Friedrich, WL 2015, The Santorini volcano: volcanic hasards through time. in F Riede (ed.), Past Vulnerability: Volcanic eruptions and human vulnerability in traditional societies past and present. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 171-181.

Jørgensen, HHL, Laugerud, H & Skinnebach, LK (eds) 2015, The Saturated Sensorium: Principles of Perception and Mediation in the Middle Ages . Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Rytter, M 2015, The Scent of a Rose: Imitating Imitaitors as They Learn to Love the Prophet. in BT Knudsen & C Stage (eds), Affective Methodologies : Developing Cultural Research Strategies for the Study of Affect. 1 edn, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 140-160. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137483195

Jørgensen, SL 2015, 'The scope of economic incentives for sustainable soil management'.

Henriksen, S , Axelsen, JA , Lemming, KH, Mwatawala, M & Offenberg, HJ 2015, 'The search rate of the African weaver ant in cashew', Sociobiology, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 519-526.

Alibrandi, U, Ma, C & Koh, CG 2015, 'The Secant Hyperplane Method (SHM) for structural reliability analysis', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 142, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001024

Krag, S 2015, The Secrets of the Funerary Buildings in Palmyra during the Roman Period. in E Mortensen & S Grove Saxkjær (eds), Revealing and Concealing in Antiquity: Textual and Archaeological Approaches to Secrecy. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, Aarhus Studies in Mediterranean Antiquity, vol. XIII, pp. 105-118.

Spagnolo, M, Phillips, E, Piotrowski, JA, Rea, BR, Carr, SJ, Ely, JC, Ribolini, A & Szuman, I 2015, 'The sedimentology of a palaeo ice stream bed: an in-depth analysis of the Wielkopolska (Poland) MSGL field', European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2015 , Vienna, Austria, 13/04/2015 - 17/04/2015.

Zachariae, R , O Connor, M , Lassesen, B , Olesen, MH , Kjær, LB, Thygesen, MK & Mørcke, AM 2015, 'The self-efficacy in patient-centeredness questionnaire: - a new measure of medical student and physician confidence in exhibiting patient-centered behaviors', B M C Medical Education, vol. 15, no. 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0427-x

Croix, S 2015, The setting of everyday life in Viking-Age Scandinavia. in M Svart Kristiansen, E Roesdahl & J Graham-Campbell (eds), Medieval Archaeology in Scandinavia and Beyond. History, trends and tomorrow: Proceedings of a conference to celebrate 40 years of medieval archaeology at Aarhus University, 26-27 October 2011. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Århus, pp. 91-110.

Sauter, AR, Ullensvang, K, Niemi, G, Lorentzen, HT, Bendtsen, TF, Børglum, J, Pripp, AH & Romundstad, L 2015, 'The Shamrock lumbar plexus block: A dose-finding study', European Journal of Anaesthesiology, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 764-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000265

Bjerge, B, Duke, K & Frank, VA 2015, 'The shifting roles of medical stakeholders in opioid substitution treatment: A comparison between Denmark and the UK', Drugs and Alcohol Today, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-07-2015-0033

Beuchert-Pedersen, LV , Humlum, M , Nielsen, HS & Smith, N 2015 'The Short-Term Effects of School Consolidation on Student Achievement: Evidence of Disruption?'.

Breining, SN 2015, 'The Sibling Relationship Dynamics and Spillovers', Århus.

Holst, MK & Rasmussen, M 2015, The significance of the barrow construction: Introduction: Introduction. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, vol. 89, pp. 289-291.

Troelsen, A 2015, The silent conversation of things: Salient points in the still life genre. in T Kjems & A Gaardboe Jensen (eds), Det stille liv: Illusion & virkelighed. Holstebro Kunstmuseums Forlag, Holstebro, pp. 108-119.

Xiong, Z, Li, T, Algeo, T, Doering, K, Frank, M, Brzezinski, MA, Chang, F, Opfergelt, S, Crosta, X, Jiang, F, Wan, S & Zhai, B 2015, 'The silicon isotope composition of Ethmodiscus rex laminated diatom mats from the tropical West Pacific: Implications for silicate cycling during the Last Glacial Maximum', Paleoceanography, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 803-823. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002793

Chou, T & Orlandi, C 2015, The simplest protocol for oblivious transfer. in K Lauter & F Rodríguez-Henríquez (eds), Progress in Cryptology - LATINCRYPT 2015: 4th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Guadalajara, Mexico, August 23-26, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9230, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 40-58, 4th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Guadalajara, Mexico, 23/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22174-8_3

Chou, T & Orlandi, C 2015, The Simplest Protocol for Oblivious Transfer. <http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/267>

Konge, L, Ringsted, C, Bjerrum, F, Tolsgaard, MG, Bitsch, M, Sørensen, JL & Schroeder, TV 2015, 'The simulation centre at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark', Journal of Surgical Education, vol. 72, no. 2, 1028, pp. 362-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.11.012

Basballe, DA 2015, 'The site as a resource in interaction design'.

Bloch, CW & Sørensen, MP 2015, 'The size of research funding: Trends and implications', Science and Public Policy, vol. 42 , no. 1, pp. 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu019

Nielsen, TFD, Andersen, JCØ, Holness, MB, Keiding, JK, Rudashevsky, NS, Rudashevsky, VN, Salmonsen, LP , Tegner, C & Veksler, IV 2015, 'The Skaergaard PGE and Gold Deposit: the Result of in situ Fractionation, Sulphide Saturation, and Magma Chamber-scale Precious Metal Redistribution by Immiscible Fe-rich Melt.', Journal of Petrology, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1643–1676. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv049

Wilton, PR, Carmi, S & Hobolth, A 2015, 'The SMC' is a highly accurate approximation to the ancestral recombination graph', Genetics (Print), vol. 200, no. 1, 1, pp. 343-355. <http://intl.genetics.org/content/200/1/343.full>

Sovacool, B & Gross, A 2015, 'The Social Acceptance of Artificial Photosynthesis: Towards A Conceptual Framework', Interface Focus, vol. 5, no. 3, 20140089. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0089

Alber, J 2015, 'The Social Minds in Factual and Fictional We-Narratives of the Twentieth Century', Narrative, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 213-25. https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.2015.0010

Kenneth, P, Olsson, U & Krejsler, JB 2015, The social question revisited: the configuration of the social dimension in the European education space. in TS Popkewitz (ed.), The "reason" of schooling: historicizing curriculum studies, pedagogy, and teacher education. Routledge, New York, pp. 200-214.

Finnerup, NB , Haroutounian, S & Nikolajsen, L 2015, 'The sodium-channel blocker lidocaine in subanesthetic concentrations reduces spontaneous and evoked pain in human painful neuroma', Scandinavian Journal of Pain, vol. 8, pp. 45-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.05.003

Abuyaman, O & Nexo, E 2015, 'The soluble transcobalamin receptor (sCD320) is present in cerebrospinal fluid and correlates to dementia-related biomarkers tau proteins and amyloid-beta', Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 514-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2015.1057761

Hong, Z, Nowakowski, M, Spronk, C, Petersen, SV , Andreasen, P, Koźmiński, W, Mulder, F & Jensen, JK 2015, 'The solution structure of the MANEC-type domain from Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor 1 reveals an unexpected PAN/apple domain-type fold', Biochemical Journal, vol. 466, no. 2, pp. 299-309. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20141236

Stockett, MH, Musbat, L, Kjær, C , Houmøller, J, Toker, Y, Rubio, A, Milne, BF & Brøndsted Nielsen, S 2015, 'The Soret absorption band of isolated chlorophyll a and b tagged with quaternary ammonium ions', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 17, pp. 25793-25798. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01513h

Nielsen, RH 2015, 'The sound of life: auditory cues to animacy'.

Godman, M 2015, 'The Special Science Dilemma and How Culture Solves it', Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 491-508. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2014.987149

Jakubowski, K, Farrugia, N, Halpern, AR, Sankarpandi, SK & Stewart, L 2015, 'The speed of our mental soundtracks: Tracking the tempo of involuntary musical imagery in everyday life', Memory & Cognition. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-015-0531-5

Andreasen, MM & Christensen, BJ 2015, 'The SR Approach: A New Estimation Method for Non-Linear and Non-Gaussian Dynamic Term Structure Models', Journal of Econometrics, vol. 184, no. 2, pp. 420-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.10.002

Ormrod, RP 2015 'The Stakeholder Concept and Political Marketing' Department of Management, University of Aarhus, pp. 1-27.

Jeruszka-Bielak, M, Sicinska, E, de Wit, L, Ruprich, J, Řehůřková, I, Brown, KA, Timotijevic, L, Sonne, A-M, Haugaard, P, Guzzon, A, García, NB, Alevritou, E, Hermoso, M, Sarmant, Y, Lähteenmäki, L, Roszkowski, W & Raats, MM 2015, 'The Stakeholders’ Views on Factors Influencing Nutrition Policy: A Qualitative Study Across Ten European CountriesEuropean Countries', Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjfns-2015-0039

Gao, W, Zhang, Y, Ramanujan, D, Ramani, K, Chen, Y, B. Williams, C, Wang, CCL, Shin, YC, Zhang, S & Zavattieri, PD 2015, 'The Status, Challenges, and Future of Additive Manufacturing in Engineering', Computer-Aided Design, vol. 69, pp. 65-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2015.04.001

Petersen, A, Irons, DB, Gilchrist, HG, Robertson, GJ, Boertmann, D, Strøm, H, Gavrilo, M, Artukhin, Y, Clausen, DS, Kuletz, KJ & Mallory, ML 2015, 'The Status of Glaucous Gulls Larus hyperboreus in the Circumpolar Arctic', Arctic, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 107-120. https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4462

Cao, L, Fox, AD, Koyama, K, Kim, HJ, Kondratyev, A, Batbayar, N, Syroechkovskiy, EE, Rozenfeld, S, Kurechi, M, Lee, H, Goroshko, O & Choi, CY 2015, 'The status of goose populations in East Asia', Waterfowl of Northern Eurasia, Salekhard, Russian Federation, 30/11/2015 - 06/12/2015.

Antoci, V , Grundahl, F , Christensen-Dalsgaard, J & Kjeldsen, H 2015, 'The Stellar Observations Network Group - first results', IAU XXIX General Assembly, Honolulu, United States, 03/08/2015 - 14/08/2015. <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2258061A>

Donslund, BS , Ventura, AM , Larsen, J , Ibsen, L & Jørgensen, KA 2015, 'The stereoselective formation of highly substituted CF₃-dihydropyrans as versatile building blocks', Chemical Communications, vol. 51, no. 71, pp. 13666-13669. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04874e

Grube, E & Nielsen, UG 2015, 'The stoichiometry of synthetic alunite as a function of hydrothermal aging investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy', Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-014-0724-7

Müller, S 2015, 'The Stories They Tell – The role of spatial context in entrepreneurial storytelling', Paper presented at ECSB Research Forum for small and medium-sized enterprises, Chur, Switzerland, 08/02/2015 - 11/02/2015.

Schmidt, L-H 2015, 'The Stranger in Yourself: A Minor Distraction', CURSIV, no. 16, pp. 141-162. <http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/edu/Cursiv/CURSIV_16_www.pdf>

Maier, CD & Andersen, MA 2015, 'The Strategic Communication of Corporate Heritage Identity Implementation in a Hypermodal Context', Paper presented at Conference on Corporate Communication 2015, New York, United States, 02/06/2015 - 05/06/2015. <http://www.corporatecomm.org/event/cci-conference-on-corporate-communication-2015/>

Musazzi, L, Treccani, G, Milanese, M, Perego, C, Nava, N, Tornese, P, Sala, N, Bazzini, C, Malgaroli, A, Nyengaard, JR , Wegener, G, Bonanno, G & Popoli, M 2015, 'The stress impact on synaptic function and brain architecture; a key to mood and anxiety disorders', 28th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP), Amsterdam, Netherlands, 29/08/2015 - 01/09/2015.

Hayes, S, Lewis, P, Islam, MM, Doutch, J, Sorensen, T, White, T, Griffith, M & Meek, KM 2015, 'The structural and optical properties of type III human collagen biosynthetic corneal substitutes', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 25, pp. 121-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.009

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