Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Carstensen, J & Conley, DJ 2019, 'Baltic Sea hypoxia takes many shapes and sizes', Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10350

Pico, J, Corbin, S, Ferruzzi, MG & Martinez, MM 2019, 'Banana flour phenolics inhibit trans-epithelial glucose transport from wheat cakes in a coupled: In vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell intestinal model', Food and Function, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 6300-6311. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo01679a

Roman, L, Gomez, M, Hamaker, BR & Martinez, MM 2019, 'Banana starch and molecular shear fragmentation dramatically increase structurally driven slowly digestible starch in fully gelatinized bread crumb', Food Chemistry, vol. 274, pp. 664-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.023

Brimnes, N 2019, Bandung revisited: from rural hygiene to primary health care. in HA Ikonomou & K Gram-Skjoldager (eds), The League of Nations. Perspectives from the Present. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 172-181.

Visser, J 2019, 'Bangladesh’s 'Father of the Nation' and the transnational politics of memory: Connecting cross-scale iterations of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman', International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 163-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-018-9301-2

Dick-Nielsen, J, Gyntelberg, J & Thimsen, C 2019, 'Bankers kapitalomkostninger: hvad koster mere egenkapital for en bank', Finans/Invest, no. 2, pp. 26-31.

Jørgensen, SMD , Hvas, CL , Dahlerup, JF , Mikkelsen, S, Ehlers, L, Hammeken, LH, Licht, TR, Bahl, MI & Erikstrup, C 2019, 'Banking feces: a new frontier for public blood banks?', Transfusion, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 2776-2782. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15422

Møller, AH 2019, 'Bards, Ballads, and Barbarians in Jena: Germanic Medievalism in the Early Works of Friedrich Schlegel', Romantik : Journal for the Study of Romanticisms, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 13-34. https://doi.org/10.14220/jsor.2019.8.1.13

Laursen, TL, Hagemann, CA, Wei, C , Kazankov, K , Thomsen, KL, Knop, FK & Grønbæk, H 2019, 'Bariatric surgery in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - from pathophysiology to clinical effects', World Journal of Hepatology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 138-149. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.138

Laursen, TL , Kazankov, K & Grønbæk, H 2019, Bariatrisk kirurgi ved non-alkoholisk fedtleversygdom. BestPractice. <https://bestprac.dk/2019/12/03/bariatrisk-kirurgi-ved-non-alkoholisk-fedtleversygdom/>

Wegeberg, S & Gustavson, K 2019, Barite-bound mercury in marine sediments; potential release and bioavailability under Arctic conditions: Literature review. Scientific Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 288, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. < https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR288.pdf>

Ahlström, J, Alamia, A, Larsson, A, Breitholtz, C, Harvey, S & Thunman, H 2019, 'Bark as feedstock for dual fluidized bed gasifiers—Operability, efficiency, and economics', International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1171-1190. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4349

Sommer, D 2019, Barndom - historiske forandringer i børnesyn og inddragelse af barnets perspektiv. in D Cecchin (ed.), Barndomspædagogik i dagtilbud. 2. edn, Akademisk Forlag, København, pp. 47-71.

Skyggebjerg, AK 2019, 'Barndommens urørlighedszone: Forestillingen om børns sproglige afkodningsevne skifter – og det går hurtigt. Men hvorfor er Halfdans negerdukke så vigtig?', Weekendavisen, vol. Bøger, pp. 22.

Sommer, D 2019, 'Barnekonvensjonen 30 år - hva nå?', Barnehagefolk, vol. 1, no. 4.

Kragh-Müller, G 2019, 'Barneperspektiver på det gode liv i barnehagen', Barnehagefolk, vol. 2019, no. 1, 11, pp. 66-74.

Adolphsen, C, Fridriksdóttir, H, Hartoft, H, Leviner, P, Sandberg, K & Stang, EG 2019, 'Barneretten i de nordiske land: Temaer i tiden', Barn – Forskning om barn og barndom i Norden, vol. 37, no. 3-4, pp. 15-39. https://doi.org/10.5324/barn.v37i3-4.3377

Hansen, BB 2019, 'Barnet der nægtede at være en engel', Dagbladet Information.

Hansen, OH , Svinth, L & Broström, S (eds) 2019, Barnet i centrum 2: mod en 0-3-årspædagogik i vuggestue og dagpleje. Akademisk Forlag, København.

Broström, S , Hansen, OH, Jensen, AS & Svinth, L 2019, Barnet i sentrum: Pedagogikk og relasjoner for de mindste i barnehagen. Pedagogisk Forum, Oslo.

Poulsen, SM 2019, 'Barriers to efficiency and knowledge sharing: analyzing private suppliers in mixed service delivery', Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2019, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.15493abstract

Aly, A, Moner-Girona, M, Szabó, S, Pedersen, AB & Jensen, SS 2019, 'Barriers to Large-scale Solar Power in Tanzania', Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 48, no. February, pp. 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2018.10.009

Lippert-Rasmussen, K 2019, 'Barry and Øverland on Singer and assistance-based duties', Ethics & Global Politics, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/16544951.2019.1565601

Gronborg, SS , Thorarinsdottir, K , Kyhl, L , Rodriguez-Fernández, J, Sanders, CE, Bianchi, M , Hofmann, P , Miwa, JA , Ulstrup, S & Lauritsen, JV 2019, 'Basal plane oxygen exchange of epitaxial MoS₂ without edge oxidation', 2D materials, vol. 6, no. 4, 045013. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ab2d00

Pieske, B, Patel, MJ, Westerhout, CM, Anstrom, KJ, Butler, J, Ezekowitz, J, Hernandez, AF, Koglin, J, Lam, CSP, Ponikowski, P, Roessig, L, Voors, AA, O'Connor, CM, Armstrong, PW & VICTORIA Study Group 2019, 'Baseline features of the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial', European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1596-1604. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1664

Lindholt, JS , Rasmussen, LM , Søgaard, R , Lambrechtsen, J , Steffensen, FH , Frost, L, Egstrup, K, Urbonaviciene, G, Busk, M, Olsen, MH, Hallas, J & Diederichsen, AC 2019, 'Baseline findings of the population‐based, randomized, multifaceted Danish cardiovascular screening trial (DANCAVAS) of men aged 65–74 years', British Journal of Surgery, vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 862-871. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11135

Suwal, B, Khadka, D, Shrestha, A, Shrestha, S, Shrestha, N & Khatri, B 2019, 'Baseline predictive factors of visual outcome and persistence of subretinal fluid based on morphologic changes in spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy', Clinical Ophthalmology, vol. 13, pp. 2439-2444. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S233273

Levin, G 2019, BASEMAP03: Technical documentation of the method for elaboration of a land-use and landcover map for Denmark. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 159, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR159.pdf>

Vasconcelos, DL, Bezerra, FHR, Medeiros, WE, de Castro, DL, Clausen, OR, Vital, H & Oliveira, RG 2019, 'Basement fabric controls rift nucleation and postrift basin inversion in the continental margin of NE Brazil', Tectonophysics, vol. 751, pp. 23-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.12.019

Hermansen, C 2019, 'Basic and functional soil properties predicted from a single vis–NIR spectrum: Basale og funktionelle jordegenskaber prædikteret fra et enkelt vis-NIR spektrum'.

Kyhn, LA , Wisniewska, DM , Beedholm, K , Tougaard, J , Simon, M , Mosbech, A & Madsen, PT 2019, 'Basin-wide contributions to the underwater soundscape by multiple seismic surveys with implications for marine mammals in Baffin Bay, Greenland', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 138, pp. 474-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.038

Robin-D'Cruz, B, Mansour, R & Stansfield, G 2019, Basra Protests and Security Actors. HMG's Stabilisation Unit and MENA Research Group.

Bjerre, J 2019, 'Bateson and Durkheim on mind, learning and society'.

Arnbjerg, J , Khataee, A , Breitenbach, T , Thøgersen, J , Christiansen, S , Mortensen, H , Bilde, M , Hougaard, RF & Bentien, A 2019, 'Battery Concepts in Physical Chemistry: Making Your Own Organic–Inorganic Battery', Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 96, no. 7, pp. 1465-1471. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00090

Tylmann, K, Rinterknecht, VR, Börner, A & Piotrowski, JA 2019, 'Bayesian age modelling of the last deglaciation in the southern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet', Peribaltic Group Symposium, Greifswald, Germany, 07/09/2019 - 11/09/2019.

Tylmann, K, Rinterknecht, V, Börner, A & Piotrowski, JA 2019, 'Bayesian age modelling of the last deglaciation in the southern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet', INQUA, Dublin, Ireland, 25/07/2019 - 31/07/2019.

Mahmmod, Y, Svennesen, L, Katholm, J, Pedersen, K & Klaas, IC 2019, 'Bayesian estimation of qPCR and bacterial culture accuracy for detection of bovine coagulase‐negative staphylococci from milk and teat apex at different test cut‐off points', Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 406-417. <https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14309>

Kuszlewicz, JS , Chaplin, WJ , North, TSH, Farr, WM, Bell, KJ , Davies, GR, Campante, TL & Hekker, S 2019, 'Bayesian hierarchical inference of asteroseismic inclination angles', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 488, no. 1, pp. 572-589. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1689

Tolbod, LP , Christensen, NL & Munk, OL 2019, 'Bayesian Penalized Likelihood Image Reconstruction (Q.Clear) in oncology: Effects of contrast and count-rate dependence', Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging: Annual Meeting 2019, Anaheim, United States, 22/06/2019 - 25/06/2019. <http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/60/supplement_1/1350.abstract?sid=79eef416-48b4-4558-a498-59b43854e03c>

Engsted, T 2019, Bayesianske hypotesetest. in P Linde (ed.), Symposium i Anvendt Statistik. Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Arbejdsmiljø, København, pp. 21-36, Symposium i Anvendt Statistik 2019, København, Denmark, 28/01/2019.

Stensballe, LG, Ravn, H, Birk, NM, Kjærgaard, J, Nissen, TN, Pihl, GT, Thøstesen, LM, Greisen, G, Jeppesen, DL, Kofoed, P-E, Pryds, O, Sørup, S, Aaby, P & Benn, CS 2019, 'BCG Vaccination at Birth and Rate of Hospitalization for Infection Until 15 Months of Age in Danish Children: A Randomized Clinical Multicenter Trial', Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy029

Martis, LS , Wiborg, O, Holmes, MC & Harris, AP 2019, 'BDNF ^+/− rats exhibit depressive phenotype and altered expression of genes relevant in mood disorders', Genes, Brain and Behavior, vol. 18, no. 2, e12546. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12546

Radloff, S, Trusbak Haumann, N, Brandl, S, Brattico, E , Vuust, P & Grube, M 2019, 'BEAT BASED ENTRAINMENT IN THE BRAIN and the question of its relevance to auditory perception of rhythmic patterns.', AU Neuroscience Day 2019, 13/05/2019.

Uusimäki, E 2019, Beatitudes (4QBeatitudes). in LT Stuckenbruck & DM Gurtner (eds), T&T Clark Encyclopaedia of Second Temple Judaism. vol. 1, Bloomsbury T&T Clark, London, pp. 1:128-130.

Nielsen, KH 2019, 'Beatnik', Weekendavisen, vol. Sektion 4 (Ideer), pp. 10.

Castagna, AC 2019, 'Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: the role of construal level in reducing the" beauty-is-good" bias contributing to food waste reduction', European Marketing Academy Annual Conference (EMAC), 22/05/2012.

Jensen, TW 2019, 'Becoming a Master's thesis writer: Authorial identity, autonomy, and impossible choices', EATAW 2019, Göteborg, Sweden, 02/07/2019 - 04/07/2019.

Winther-Lindqvist, DA 2019, Becoming a school child: a positive developmental crisis. in M Hedegaard & M Fleer (eds), Children's Transitions in Everyday Life and Institutions . Bloomsbury Academic, London.

Winther-Lindqvist, D 2019, Becoming a Schoolchild: A Positive Developmental Crisis. in Children’s Transitions in Everyday Life and Institutions. Bloomsbury Publishing plc, pp. 47-70.

Jørgensen, AH 2019, 'Becomings of School-Fathers: An Ethnographic Exploration of Migrant Fathers’ Experiences and Navigation of Home-School Cooperation Practices'. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.370

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