Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Crawford, PI 2015, Shark fishing and other fishing practices in the Reef Islands (Ngasinue and Vaiakau).

Strauch, C 2015, 'Sharp adaptive drift estimation for ergodic diffusions: The multivariate case', Stochastic Process. Appl., vol. 125, no. 7, pp. 2562-2602.

Pettie, S 2015, Sharp Bounds on Formation-free Sequences. in P Indyk (ed.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA '15. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, pp. 592-604 , ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, San Diego, United States, 04/01/2015. <http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2722155>

Vignoli, G, Fiandaca, G , Christiansen, AV , Kirkegaard, C & Auken, E 2015, 'Sharp spatially constrained inversion with applications to transient electromagnetic data', Geophysical Prospecting, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12185

Fiandaca, G , Kirkegaard, C , Foged, N , Christiansen, AV & Auken, E 2015, Sharp spatially-decoupled inversion of airborne electromagnetic data for improved model integration. in 1st European Airborne Electromagnetics Conference - Held at Near Surface Geoscience 2015. European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, pp. 118-122, 1st European Airborne Electromagnetics Conference, Turin, Italy, 06/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413884

Callot, L, Caner, M, Kock, AB & Riquelme, JA 2015 'Sharp Threshold Detection Based on Sup-norm Error rates in High-dimensional Models' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-10, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Jakobsen, T , Kold, S , Baas, J , Søballe, K & Rahbek, O 2015, 'Sheep Hip Arthroplasty Model of Failed Implant Osseointegration', The Open Orthopaedics Journal, vol. 9, pp. 525-9. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001509010525

Laidre, KL, Born, EW, Heagerty, PJ, Wiig, Ø, Stern, H, Dietz, R, Aars, J & Andersen, M 2015, 'Shifts in female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) habitat use in East Greenland', Polar Biology, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 879-893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1648-5

Simova, I, Violle, C, Kraft, NJB, Storch, D, Svenning, J-C, Boyle, B, Donoghue, JC, Jorgensen, P, McGill, BJ, Morueta-Holme, N, Piel, WH, Peet, RK, Regetz, J, Schildhauer, M, Spencer, N, Thiers, B, Wiser, S & Enquist, BJ 2015, 'Shifts in trait means and variances in North American tree assemblages: species richness patterns are loosely related to the functional space', Ecography, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 649-658. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00867

Bradley, J, Anesio, A, Singarayer, J, Heath, M & Arndt, S 2015, 'SHIMMER (1.0): a novel mathematical model for microbial and biogeochemical dynamics in glacier forefield ecosystems', Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 3441-3470. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3441-2015

Schmidt, AS , Glerup Lauridsen, K , Rickers, H, Bach, LF & Løfgren, B 2015, 'Shocks During Cardioversions are Not Uncommonly Delivered Asynchronous Including in the Vulnerable Phase of the T-wave: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Study'.

Wiese, A, Zielke, S & Toporowski, W 2015, 'Shopping travel behaviour: Influencing factors, shopper types and environmental consequences', International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, vol. 43, no. 4/5, pp. 469-484. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-01-2015-0006

Peters, CD , Kjaergaard, KD , Jensen, JD , Christensen, KL , Strandhave, C , Tietze, IN, Novosel, MK, Bibby, BM & Jespersen, B 2015, 'Short and Long-Term Effects of the Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Irbesartan on Intradialytic Central Hemodynamics: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled One-Year Intervention Trial (the SAFIR Study)', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126882

Ettema, JF & Østergaard, S 2015, 'Short communication: Economics of sex-biased milk production', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 1078-1081. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8774

Wiggans, GR, Su, G, Cooper, TA, Nielsen, US, Aamand, GP, Guldbrandtsen, B , Lund, MS & VanRaden, PM 2015, 'Short communication: Improving accuracy of Jersey genomic evaluations in the United States and Denmark by sharing reference population bulls', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 3508-3513. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8874

Perkovic, S 2015, 'Shortcut to health: using process tracing to analyze product search and purchase decisions of organic food', The 25th Subjective Probability, Utility, and Decision Making Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 16/08/2015 - 20/08/2015.

Fløe, A , Hilberg, O , Thomsen, VØ, Lillebaek, T & Wejse, C 2015, 'Shortening Isolation of Patients With Suspected Tuberculosis by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study', Clinical Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ563

Riis, AH , Johansen, MB , Jacobsen, JB, Brookhart, MA, Stürmer, T & Støvring, H 2015, 'Short look-back periods in pharmacoepidemiologic studies of new users of antibiotics and asthma medications introduce severe misclassification', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 478-485. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3738

Haahr-Lillevang, L , Wædegaard, K , Sandkamm, DB, Mouskeftaras, A, Guizard, S & Balling, P 2015, 'Short-pulse laser excitation of quartz: experiments and modelling of transient optical properties and ablation', Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 1221-1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9307-9

Jørgensen, IN, Skakkebaek, A , Andersen, NH , Pedersen, LN, Hougaard, DM, Bojesen, A , Trolle, C & Gravholt, CH 2015, 'Short QTc Interval in Males with Klinefelter Syndrome-Influence of CAG Repeat Length, Body Composition, and Testosterone Replacement Therapy', Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 472-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.12580

Erlangsen, A, Dam Lind, B, A Stuart, E & Pedersen, CM 2015, 'Short-term and long-term effects of psychosocial therapy for people after deliberate self-harm: a register-based, nationwide multicentre study using propensity score matching', Lancet, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 49-58.

Lovschall, H 2015, 'Short-term compressive strength in nano-hybrid iMTA with fluoride release and fast-setting'.

Castagnini, AC , Munk-Jørgensen, P & Bertelsen, A 2015, 'Short-term course and outcome of acute and transient psychotic disorders: Differences from other types of psychosis with acute onset', The International journal of social psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015590493

Andresen, K, Burcharth, J, Fonnes, S, Hupfeld, L, Rothman, JP, Deigaard, S, Winther, D, Errebo, MB, Therkildsen, R, Hauge, D, Sørensen, FS, Bjerg, J & Rosenberg, J 2015, 'Short-term outcome after Onstep versus Lichtenstein technique for inguinal hernia repair: results from a randomized clinical trial', Hernia, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 871-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-015-1428-8

Pichotano, E, de Freitas, RM, Marcantonio, C, Spin-Neto, R, Marcantonio, EJ & Zandim, DL 2015, 'Short-term Success of Implants Installed in Anterior Maxilla Grafted With Autogenous Bone or rhBMP-2 After Loading', IADR, Boston, United States, 11/03/2015 - 14/03/2015.

Wiuff Andersen, L & Donnino, MW 2015, 'Should age be a factor for initiating post-cardiac arrest care or for temperature management strategies?', Resuscitation, vol. 91, pp. A1-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.03.013

Petersen, KB 2015, 'Should informal/non-formal education be considered in teacher education? reflections based on the Anholt Project', Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 46-58. <http://isfte.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/jiste-our-bi-annual-journal/journal-volumes/publicly-accessibly-abstracts-only/>

Busch, J & Morrison, J 2015, 'Should scientific realists be platonists?', Synthese, vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 435-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0676-6

Petersen, E 2015, 'Should we offer screening for hepatitis B and other infections to immigrants--legal or illegal?', Journal of Travel Medicine, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 73-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtm.12188

Berg, KM & Wiuff Andersen, L 2015, 'Should we try longer? Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the Emergency Department and association with survival', Resuscitation, vol. 96, pp. A5-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.001

Mosbacher, JB , Schmidt, NM, Michelsen, A, Stelvig, M & Hendrichsen, DK 2015, 'Show me your rump hair and i will tell you what you ate'.

Winther, IW , Palludan, C , Gulløv, E & Rehder, MM 2015, Siblings: Practical and sensitive relations. 1 edn, AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Copenhagen. <http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/edu/Forskning/E-book_-_Siblings.pdf>

Rask, MT , Rosendal, M , Fenger-Grøn, M , Bro, F, Ornbøl, E & Fink, P 2015, 'Sick leave and work disability in primary care patients with recent-onset multiple medically unexplained symptoms and persistent somatoform disorders: a 10-year follow-up of the FIP study', General Hospital Psychiatry, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.007

Carstensen, TBW , Fink, P , Oernboel, E , Kasch, H , Jensen, TS & Frostholm, L 2015, 'Sick Leave within 5 Years of Whiplash Trauma Predicts Recovery: A Prospective Cohort and Register-Based Study', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6, e0130298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130298

Christensen, JR, Kongstad, MB, Sjøgaard, G & Søgaard, K 2015, 'Sickness Presenteeism Among Health Care Workers and the Effect of BMI, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscle Strength', Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. e146-e152. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000576

Pujolar, JM , Jacobsen, LMW, Bekkevold, D, Lobon-Cervia, J, Jonsson, B, Bernatchez, L & Hansen, MM 2015, 'Signatures of natural selection between life cycle stages separated by metamorphosis in European eel', BMC Genomics, vol. 16, 600. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1754-3

Mantikci, M 2015, 'Significance of plankton respiration for productivity in coastal ecosystems'.

Enemark, HL, Dahl, J & Enemark, JMD 2015, 'Significance of Timing on Effect of Metaphylactic Toltrazuril Treatment against Eimeriosis in Calves', Parasitology Research, vol. 114 Suppl 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4526-8

Zhang, YM, Zhang, XY, Zhang, YM, Shen, XJ, Sun, JY, Ma, QL, Yu, XM, Zhu, JL, Zhang, L & Che, HC 2015, 'Significant concentration changes of chemical components of PM₁ in the Yangtze River Delta area of China and the implications for the formation mechanism of heavy haze-fog pollution', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 538, pp. 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.104

Eg, M , Frederiksen, K , Lorentzen, V & Vamosi, M 2015, 'Significant factors for achieving lasting weight loss in health interventions with overweight children.', Ph.d.-day, Aarhus, Denmark, 23/01/2015 - 23/01/2015.

Weyhenmeyer, GA, Kosten, S, Wallin, MB, Tranvik, LJ, Jeppesen, E & Roland, F 2015, 'Significant fraction of CO2 emissions from boreal lakes derived from hydrologic inorganic carbon inputs', Nature Geoscience, vol. 8, pp. 933-938. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2582

Bentzon-Tilia, M, Traving, SJ, Mantikci, M , Knudsen-Leerbeck, H , Hansen, JLS , Markager, S & Riemann, L 2015, 'Significant N₂ fixation by heterotrophs, photoheterotrophs and heterocystous cyanobacteria in two temperate estuaries', I S M E Journal, vol. 9, pp. 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.119

Bakken Jepsen, J, De Clerck, G, Lutalo-Kiingi, S & Mcgregor, W (eds) 2015, Sign Languages of the World: A Comparative Handbook. De Gruyter.

Skak, M 2015, Sikkerhed, krig og konfliktløsning. in MW Bülow & T Brems Knudsen (eds), International PolitikNU: magtbalance, værdier og samarbejde. 2 edn, Systime, pp. 169-196.

Søndergaard, M , Trolle, D , Larsen, SE & Bjerring, R 2015, Sikkerhed på tilstandsvurderingen i danske søer: År-til-år variationer i biologiske kvalitetselementer. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 137, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR137.pdf>

Nielsen, L, Olesen, CR, Nyholm Jørgensen, R & Fris, HJ 2015, 'Sikring af levesteder på engarealer med biomassehøst i kombination med vildthensyn', Biodiversitetssymposiet 2015, Aarhus , Denmark, 28/01/2015 - 29/01/2015.