Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Mardal, M, Andreasen, MF, Mollerup, CB, Stockham, P, Telving, R, Thomaidis, NS, Diamanti, KS, Linnet, K & Dalsgaard, PW 2019, 'HighResNPS.com: An Online Crowd-Sourced HR-MS Database for Suspect and Non-targeted Screening of New Psychoactive Substances', Journal of Analytical Toxicology, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkz030

Pedersen, J , Maurya, P , Christiansen, AV & Auken, E 2019, High resolution 3D imaging of subsurface using towed transient electromagnetic system - TTEM: Case studies. in 1st Indian Near Surface Geophysics Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE, pp. 245-250, 1st Indian Near Surface Geophysics Conference and Exhibition, INSG 2019, Virtual, Online, 28/11/2019. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201979040

Trant, PLK , Kristiansen, SM , Wouters, B & Sindbæk, SM 2019, 'High-resolution geochemical evidence for the use of indoor space in Viking-age Ribe, Denmark, using a handheld XRF.', European Association of Archaeologists Annual Meeting 2019, Bern, Switzerland, 04/09/2019 - 07/09/2019.

Adamson, K, Lane, TP, Carney, M, Bishop, T & Delaney, C 2019, 'High-resolution proglacial lake records of pre-Little Ice Age glacier advance, northeast Greenland', Boreas, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 535-550.

Armitage, WJ, Goodchild, C, Griffin, MD, Gunn, DJ, Hjortdal, J, Lohan, P, Murphy, CC, Pleyer, U, Ritter, T, Tole, DM & Vabres, B 2019, 'High-risk Corneal Transplantation: Recent Developments and Future Possibilities', Transplantation, vol. 103, no. 12, pp. 2468-2478. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000002938

Ennibi, O-K, Claesson, R, Akkaoui, S, Reddahi, S, Kwamin, F, Haubek, D & Johansson, A 2019, 'High salivary levels of JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is Associated with clinical attachment loss in Moroccan adolescents', Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.156

Wang, S, Garcia, M, Bauer-Gottwein, P, Jakobsen, J, Zarco-Tejada, PJ, Bandini, F, Paz, VS & Ibrom, A 2019, 'High spatial resolution monitoring land surface energy, water and CO₂ fluxes from an Unmanned Aerial System', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 229, pp. 14-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.03.040

Montesantos, N, Pedersen, TH, Nielsen, RP, Rosendahl, LA & Maschietti, M 2019, 'High-temperature extraction of lignocellulosic bio-crude by supercritical carbon dioxide', Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol. 74, pp. 799-804. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1974134

Kamp, JN , Dalby, FR , Hansen, MJ & Feilberg, A 2019, High temperature PTR-TOF-MS for EC flux measurements of VOCs. in A Hansel & J Dunkl (eds), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry and its Applications . Innsbruck University Press, Innsbruck, pp. 216-219, 8th International Conference on Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry and its Applications , Innsbruck, Austria, 04/02/2019. <https://www.ionicon.com/sites/default/files/uploads/doc/Contributions_8th-PTR-MS-Conference-2019_web.pdf#page=217>

Sari-Ak, D, Bahrami, S , Laska, MJ, Drncova, P, Fitzgerald, DJ, Schaffitzel, C, Garzoni, F & Berger, I 2019, High-Throughput Production of Influenza Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Array by Using VLP-factory™, a MultiBac Baculoviral Genome Customized for Enveloped VLP Expression. in R Vincentelli (ed.), Methods in Molecular Biology: Methods and Protocols. vol. 2025, Humana Press, Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), pp. 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9624-7_10

Moldovan, L-I , Hansen, TB , Venø, MT , Okholm, TLH , Andersen, TL, Hager, H, Iversen, L , Kjems, J , Johansen, C & Kristensen, LS 2019, 'High-throughput RNA sequencing from paired lesional- and non-lesional skin reveals major alterations in the psoriasis circRNAome', BMC Medical Genomics, vol. 12, no. 1, 174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-019-0616-2

Mollerup, S, Asplund, M, Friis-Nielsen, J, Kjartansdóttir, KR, Fridholm, H, Hansen, TA, Herrera, JAR, Barnes, CJ, Jensen, RH, Richter, SR, Nielsen, IB, Pietroni, C, Alquezar-Planas, DE, Rey-Iglesia, A, Olsen, PVS, De Meyts, ER, Groth-Pedersen, L, von Buchwald, C, Jensen, DH, Gniadecki, R, Høgdall, E, Langhoff, JL, Pete, I, Vereczkey, I, Baranyai, Z, Dybkaer, K, Johnsen, HE, Steiniche, T , Hokland, P, Rosenberg, J, Baandrup, U, Sicheritz-Pontén, T, Willerslev, E, Brunak, S, Lund, O, Mourier, T, Vinner, L, Izarzugaza, JMG, Nielsen, LP & Hansen, AJ 2019, 'High-throughput sequencing-based investigation of viruses in human cancers by multi-enrichment approach', The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 220, no. 8, pp. 1312-1324. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz318

Mollerup, S, Asplund, M, Friis-Nielsen, J, Kjartansdóttir, KR, Fridholm, H, Hansen, TA, Herrera, JAR, Barnes, CJ, Jensen, RH & Richter, SR 2019, 'High-throughput sequencing-based investigation of viruses in human cancers by multienrichment approach', The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 220, no. 8, pp. 1312-1324.

Gomes, SIL, Roca, CP , Scott-Fordsmand, JJ & Amorim, MJB 2019, 'High-throughput transcriptomics: Insights into the pathways involved in (nano) nickel toxicity in a key invertebrate test species', Environmental Pollution, vol. 245, pp. 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.123

McNulty, YM, Lauring, J , Jonasson, C & Selmer, J 2019, 'Highway to Hell? Managing Expatriates in Crisis', Journal of Global Mobility, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 157-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-10-2018-0054

Neergaard, MA, Høst, DL, Weibull, AS & Abild Jespersen, B 2019, 'Hikke ved patienter i palliative forløb', Månedsskrift for Almen Praksis, vol. 2019, no. Marts.

Sheshmani, A 2019, 'Hilbert schemes, Donaldson-Thomas theory, Vafa-Witten and Seiberg Witten theory', Notices of the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 25-31. https://doi.org/10.4310/ICCM.2019.v7.n2.a3

Fibiger, MQ 2019, Hinduisme, kastesystemet og FN´s menneskerettigheder. Religion.dk. <https://www.religion.dk/spoerg-om-religion/hinduisme-kastesystemet-og-fns-menneskerettigheder>

Fibiger, MQ 2019, 'Hinduisme til forhandling', Hearts & Minds. Magasin om Generationer, pp. 30-31. <https://heartsandminds.fuau.dk/media/10115/hm_temamagasin_2019_mellem.pdf>

Fibiger, MQ 2019, Hinduism in Denmark. in K Jacobsen (ed.), Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online . Brill, S.l. <https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism&search-go=&s.q=hinduism+in+denmark&s.rows=20>

Gomes, C, Oakes, BJ, Moradi, M, Torres Gamiz, A, Mendo, JC, Dutre, S, Denil, J & Vangheluwe, H 2019, HintCO - Hint-Based Configuration of Co-Simulations. in SIMULTECH 2019 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. pp. 57-68, 8th International
Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, Prague, Czech Republic, 29/07/2019. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007830000570068

Kristensen, PK 2019, 'Hip fracture care and clinical outcomes in Denmark - The Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry', ICON 2019, Kolding, Denmark, 23/05/2019 - 24/05/2019.

Adji, AV, Plumeriastuti, H, Ma'ruf, A & Legowo, D 2019, 'Histopathological alterations of ceca in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) exposed to chronic heat stress', World's Veterinary Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 211-217. https://doi.org/10.36380/scil.2019.wvj27

McQuaid, SD, Sonne, H & Price, J 2019, 'Historical Dialogues, Collective Memory Work and the (Dis)Continuation of Conflicts', Kritika Kultura, vol. 33/34, no. 33-34, pp. 702 - 728. https://doi.org/10.13185/3092

Hanson, CA, Mueller, AL, Loy, A, Dona, C, Appel, R, Jorgensen, BB & Hubert, CRJ 2019, 'Historical Factors Associated With Past Environments Influence the Biogeography of Thermophilic Endospores in Arctic Marine Sediments', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, no. FEB, 245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00245

Bergsdottir, G, Kivivuori, J, Netterstrøm, JB, Orri Jonasson, J, Lehti, M, Lindström, D & Rautelin, M 2019, Historical Homicide monitor: Coding Manual 1.5: Nordic Homicide from Past to Present Project.

Kuhlmann, A 2019, 'Historical Performance Practice som teaterbevidsthed', Peripeti - tidsskrift for dramaturgiske studier, vol. 2019, no. Særnummer, pp. 179-189.

Schroeder, R, Brügger, N & Cowls, J 2019, Historical web as a tool for analyzing social change. in J Hunsinger, M Allen & L Klastrup (eds), Second international handbook of internet research. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 489-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1555-1

J.S. Frederiksen, C, Jensen, CMB, Kristiansen, MS & Heide, PB 2019, 'Historien i baghaven - undersøgelser af tid og rum i den historiske landsby', Middelalderens Rurale Danmark, Skjern, Denmark, 28/11/2019 - 28/11/2019.

Dias, T 2019, 'Historien om, hvordan arbejderpartiets fald i Brasilien blev den tropiske Trumps triumf: Anm. af Perry Anderson: Brazil Apart 1964-2019', Dagbladet Information, vol. Moderne Tider, no. Sektion 2 , pp. 20.

Middelboe, VA 2019, 'Historien om SU: Først til de ubemidlede evnerige og siden til alle og enhver', Asterisk (magasin), vol. December 2019, no. 92, pp. 12-15. <https://dpu.au.dk/fileadmin/edu/Asterisk/92/Asterisk92-s12-15.pdf>

Christiansen, CO & Jensen, SLB (eds) 2019, Histories of global inequality: new perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Christiansen, CO & Jensen, SLB 2019, Histories of Global Inequality: Introduction. in C Christiansen & S L.B. Jensen (eds), Histories of Global Inequality: New Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19163-4_1

Raja, R & Sørensen, AH 2019, Historiography: Danish Research from Johannes Østrup to the Palmyra Portrait Project. in H Eristov, C Vibert-Guigue, W Al-As'ad & N Sarkis (eds), Le Tombeau des trois frères à Palmyre: Mission archéologique franco-syrienne 2004-2009). Institut français du Proche-Orient, Beirut, pp. 59-64.

Khair, T 2019, History and the South Asian Novel. in A Tickell (ed.), The novel in South and South East Asia since 1945. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 118-129.

Popp, S, Gorbahn, K & Grindel, S (eds) 2019, History Education and (Post-)Colonialism. International Case Studies. Peter Lang.

Arnórsdóttir, AS 2019, History of Iceland. Nordics.info, Aarhus.

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Arnórsdóttir, AS 2019, History of Iceland, Vikings to early 19th century. Nordics.info, Aarhus.

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Esbjörnsson, J, Jansson, M, Jespersen, S, Månsson, F, Hønge, BL, Lindman, J, Medina, C, Da Silva, ZJ, Norrgren, H, Medstrand, P, Rowland-Jones, SL & Wejse, C 2019, 'HIV-2 as a model to identify a functional HIV cure', AIDS Research and Therapy, vol. 16, no. 1, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-019-0239-x

Dyrehave, C , Wejse, C , Maindal, HT & Rodkjær, LØ 2019, 'HIV – “An uninvited visitor": A qualitative study of HIV-infected African migrants with missed appointments in an outpatient clinic in Denmark', European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare , vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 623-629. <http://www.ejpch.org/ejpch/article/view/1782>

Møller, LA & Delmar, C 2019, 'Hjemmesygeplejerskers rolle, opgaver og ansvar i sammenhængende patientovergange fra hospital til primærsektor', Nordisk Sygeplejeforskning, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 156-165. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1892-2686-2019-02-08

Larsen, SN 2019, 'Hjernen klarer ærterne: Thomas Thaulov Raab: Human. På sporet af det menneskelige', Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift, no. 2, pp. 74-76.

Schilhab, T 2019, 'Hjerne og pædagogik', Barnehagefolk.

Alstrup, AKO, Ellebye, AS, Danielsen, A-CS, Jørgensen, DB, Melchior, M, Kristensen, NM, Christensen, S, Skriver, J & Jensen, TH 2019, 'Hjortevildet i Lillevildmosen har begrænset parasitbyrde', Habitat, no. 20, pp. 20-23.

Alstrup, AKO, Ellebye, AS, Danielsen, A-CS, Jørgensen, DB, Melchior, M, Kristensen, NM, Christensen, S, Skriver, J, Vinge, J & Jensen, TH 2019, 'Hjortevildtet i Lille Vildmose har begrænset parasitbelastning', Habitat, vol. 20, pp. 10-13. <https://dzs.dk/habitat-20/>

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