Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Brotas, V, Risgaard-Petersen, N, Serôdio, J, Ottosen, LDM , Dalsgaard, T & Ribeiro, L 2003, 'In situ measurements of photosynthetic activity and respiration of intertidal benthic microalgal communities undergoing vertical migration', Ophelia, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 13-26.

Christensen, AN, Jensen, TR, Scarlett, NVY & Madsen, IC 2003, 'In-situ X-ray powder diffraction studies of hydrothermal and thermal decomposition reactions of basic bismuth(III) nitrates in the temperature range 20-650C', Dalton Transaction, vol. 16, pp. 3278-3282. <http://www.rsc.org/CFmuscat/intermediate_abstract.cfm?FURL=/ej/DT/2003/b303926a.PDF>

Jensen, KS 2003, 'Insolvente forsikringsselskaber', Revision og Regnskabsvaesen, no. 4, pp. 40-46.

Busch, H, Horst, S & Troelsen, R (eds) 2003, Inspiration til fremtidens naturfaglige uddannelser: En antologi. Uddannelsesstyrelsens temahæfteserie, Undervisningsministeriet, København. <http://www.dpu.dk/everest/showdoc.asp?id=051213204619&type=doc>

Emmertsen, S 2003, 'Institutional argument: a conversation analytic investigation of the British broadcast debate interview: Ph.d-thesis. Aalborg University, 2003.'.

Christiansen, PM & Togeby, L 2003, Institutionel magt. in PM Christiansen & L Togeby (eds), På sporet af magten. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Århus, pp. 204-214.

Christiansen, PM & Togeby, L 2003, Institutionel magt. in PM Christiansen & L Togeby (eds), På sporet af magten. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Århus, pp. 204-210.

Zhang, C 2003 'Instructional Design Theory on Multimedia-aided Chinese Vocabulary Learning' 11th ELSNET on Speech and Language Technologies, University of Charles-de-Gaulle, Lille 3, France.

Merrison, J, Nørnberg, P, Kinch, K, Gunnlaugsson, HP, Jensen, J & Rasmussen, KR 2003, 'Instrumentation for the study of the Martian aerosol', Paper presented at 37th ESLAB Symposium, ESA/ESTEC, the Netherlands, 17/12/2010.

Lauritzen, T & Sandbæk, A 2003, 'Insulinbehandling af type 2-diabetikere.', Månedskrift for Praktisk Lægegerning, vol. 4, pp. 461-468.

Møller, N, Schmitz, O, Mortensen, HB, Mandrup-Poulsen, T, Hommel, EE, Parving, HH & Mogensen, CE 2003, 'Insulinpumper og diabetesbehandling', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 165, pp. 1197-16.

Søndergaard, HS , Bøttcher, M , Schmitz, O & Nielsen, TT 2003, 'Insulin stimulated myocardial glucose uptake is independent of perfusion and the nitric oxide system', Journal of Vascular Research, vol. In pres, pp. 358-356.

Johnsen, SP, Johnsen, SP , Overvad, K, Stripp, C, Tjønneland, A, Husted, S & Sørensen, HT 2003, 'Intake of fruit and vegetables and the risk of ischemic stroke in a cohort of Danish men and women', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 78, pp. 57-64.

Johnsen, SP , Overvad, K, Stripp, C, Tjønneland, A, Husted, S & Sørensen, HT 2003, 'Intake of fruit and vegetables and the risk of ischemic stroke in a cohort of Danish men and women', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 78, pp. 57-64.

Nissen, SB, Tjønneland, A, Stripp, C, Olsen, AV, Christensen, J, Overvad, K, Dragsted, LO & Thomsen, B 2003, 'Intake of vitamins A, C, and E from diet and supplements and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: A prospective study', Cancer Causes & Control, vol. 14, pp. 695-704.

Juhl, M, Olsen, J, Andersen, A-MN & Grønbæk, M 2003, 'Intake of wine, beer and spirits and waiting time to pregnancy', Human Reproduction, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1967-1971. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg376

Mlay, PS, Pereka, AE, Weisbjerg, MR , Hvelplund, T & Madsen, J 2003, 'Intake, rumen function and NDF kinetics in mature dairy heifers in Tanzania maintained on poor quality hay as affected by sugar, starch, nitrogen or mineral supplementation', Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, vol. 12, pp. 219-238.

Sánchez, P, Johanson, U, Bukh, PN & Guthrie, J 2003, 'Intangibles and the transparent enterprise: new strands of knowledge', Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 429-440. <http://www.baser.dk/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?index=5&did=527035151&SrchMode=3&sid=3&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1279875425&clientId=5175&aid=3>

Barndorff-Nielsen, OE & Shephard, N 2003, 'Integrated OU processes and non-Gaussian OU-based stochastic volatility models', Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 277-295.

Melander, B 2003, Integrating Physical and Cultural Methods of Weed Control - Examples from European Research. in Abstract. The North Central Weed Science Society Annual Meeting 1-4 Dec. 2003, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. (archived at http://orgprints.org/00002624/01/Melander141.pdf).. Integrating Physical and Cultural Methods of Weed Control - Examples from European Research, 18/12/2010.

Celis, JE, Gromov, P, Gromova, I, Moreira, JM, Gabezon, T, Ambartsumian, N, Grigorian, M, Lukanidin, E, Thor Straten, P, Guldberg, P, Bartkova, J, Bartek, J, Lukas, J, Lukas, C, Lykkesfeldt, A, Jaattela, M, Roepstorff, P, Bolund, L, Ørntoft, TF, Brunner, N, Overgaard, J, Sandelin, K, Blicht-Toft, M, Mouridsen, H & Rank, FE 2003, 'Integrating proteomic and functional genomic technologies in discovery-driven translational breast cancer research', Mol. Cell. Proteomics, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 369-377.

Celis, JE, Gromov, P, Gromova, I, Moreira, JMA, Cabezón, T, Ambartsumian, N, Grigorian, M, Lukanidin, E, thor Straten, EP, Guldberg, P, Bartkova, J, Bartek, J, Lukas, J, Lukas, C, Lykkesfeldt, A, Jäättelä, M, Roepstorff, P, Bolund, L , Ørntoft, TF, Brünner, N, Overgaard, J, Sandelin, K, Blichert-Toft, M, Mouridsen, H & Rank, F 2003, 'Integrating proteomic and functional genomic technologies in discovery-driven translational breast cancer research', Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 369-77. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.R300007-MCP200

Bukh, PN 2003, Integration af ABC i virksomhedens økonomistyring: Balanced Scorecard og Economic Value Added. in Steen Hildebrandt og Per Nikolaj Bukh (red.) (ed.), Økonomistyring - Børsen Ledelseshåndbøger. Børsen Forum A/S, København.

Bryderup, I , Brinkkjær, U , Kowalski, K & Krejsler, J 2003, Integration af IT i folkeskolens undervisning. 1. udgave edn, Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitets Forlag, København.

Hasler, B 2003, 'Integration af økonomiske og miljømæssige modelanalyser - med kvælstof som case', SØM - Samfund, Økonomi & Miljø, vol. 9. <http://www.akf.dk/som/nyhed/nyhed9.htm>

Gotfredsen, E & Wenzel, A 2003, 'Integration of multiple direct digital imaging sources in a picture archiving and communication system (PACS)', Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, vol. 32, pp. 337-342.

Hermansen, JE , Strudsholm, K & Horsted, K 2003, Integration of organic animal production into land use with special reference to swine and poultry. in IX World Conference on Anmimal Production. Integration of organic animal production into land use with special reference to swine and poultry, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil, 18/12/2010.

Thomsen, C & Morell, P 2003, Integrationspriserne 2003. Kbh.

Videnregnskabsgruppen CBS 2003, Intellectual Capital Statements: The new guideline. Institut for Produktion og Erhvervsøkonomi & Center for Virksomhedsudvikling og Ledelsesteknologi.

Mouritsen, J, Bukh, PN, Flagstad, K, Thorbjørnsen, S, Johansen, MR, Kotis, S, Larsen, HT, Nielsen, C, Kjærgaard, I, Krag, L, Jeppesen, G, Haisler, J & Stakemann, B 2003, Intellectual capital statements - the new guideline. Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Cph.

Kaul, M, Khosla, R & Mitsukura, Y 2003, Intelligent Packet Shaper to Avoid Network Congestion for Improved Streaming Video Quality at Clients. in Proceedings 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 988-993, Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation, Kobe, Japan, 16/07/2003. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1222051&contentType=Conference+Publications&searchField%3DSearch_All%26queryText%3DProceedings+of+IEEE+International+Symposium+on+Computational+Intelligence+in+Robotics+and+Automation>

Blanke, M, Strøm, JS & Zhang, G 2003, Intelligent sensor for autonomous cleaning in livestock buildings (ISAC) - a challenge in bio-environmental engineering. in Proc. 2003 IFBBE Int. Forum on Bio-environment and Bio-energy engineering, Beijing, China. ISBN 7-80167-571-1. pp. 283-288, Intelligent sensor for autonomous cleaning in livestock buildings (ISAC) - a challenge in bio-environmental engineering, 18/12/2010.

Strøm, JS , Zhang, G , Kai, P, P. Lyngbye, M, Braithwaite, I & Arrøe, S 2003, Intelligent sensor for autonomous cleaning of pig houses - System in context.

Aaslyng, JM, Lund, JB, Ehler, N & Rosenqvist, ESK 2003, 'IntelliGrow: A greenhouse component-based climate control system', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 657-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00052-5

Ottosen, C-O , Rosenqvist, ESK & Aaslyng, JM 2003, 'IntelliGrow system continues to expand', FloraCulture International, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 16-17.

Bjerring, P, Christiansen, K & nullA., T 2003, 'Intense pulsed light source for the treatment of dye laser resistant port-wine stains', J. Cosmet. Laser Ther, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 7-13.

Lassen, JF & Kristensen, SD 2003, 'Intensity and duration of oral anticoagulation therapy in venous thromboembolism', ESC's e-journal of Cardiology Practice, vol. 1, no. 24, pp. 358-356.

Sørensen, AC 2003, 'Intensiv brug af få tyre øger risiko for indavl', Landsbladet, Faglig baggrund, pp. 32.

Hansen, TK, Thiel, S, Wouters, PJ, Christiansen, JS & Van den Berghe, G 2003, 'Intensive insulin therapy exerts antiinflammatory effects in critically ill patients and counteracts the adverse effect of low mannose-binding lectin levels', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 1082-1088.

Hansen, TK, Thiel, S, Wouters, PJ, Christiansen, JS & Van den Berghe, G 2003, 'Intensive insulin therapy exerts antiinflammatory effects in critically ill patients and counteracts the adverse effect of low mannose-binding lectin levels', J. Clin. Endocrionol. Metab., vol. 88, pp. 1082-1088.

Hansen, TK , Thiel, S, Wouters, PJ, Christiansen, JS & Van den Berghe, G 2003, 'Intensive insulin therapy exerts antiinflammatory effects in critically ill patients and counteracts the adverse effect of low mannose-binding lectin levels', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 1082-8.

Lindhard Pedersen, H 2003, 'Intensiv økologisk æbleproduktion kan lade sig gøre', Nyhedsbrevet, Danmarks JordbrugsForskning, no. 5, pp. 1-2.

Villar, N, Schmidt, A, Kortuem, G & Gellersen, H 2003, 'Interacting with Proactive Community Displays', Computers & Graphics, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2003.08.005

Graven-Nielsen, T, Svensson, P & Arendt-Nielsen, L 2003, Interaction between muscle pain and motor control. in H Johansson, U Windhorst, M Djupsjöbacka & M Passatore (eds), Chronic Work-Related Myalgia. Gävla University Press, pp. 141-154.

Bouchoule, I & Mølmer, K 2003, 'Interaction induced phase fluctuations in a guided atom laser', Physical Review A, vol. 67, pp. 011603.

Jakobsen, LO, Nielsen, NC & Esmann, M 2003, 'Interactions between cations and Na,K-ATPase membranes studied by solid-state NMR', New York Academy of Sciences. Annals, vol. 986, pp. 290-292.

Jakobsen, LO, Nielsen, NC, Esmann, M, Jorgensen, PL (ed.), Karlish, SJD (ed.) & Maunsbach, AB (ed.) 2003, Interactions between cations and Na,K-ATPase membranes studied with solid-state NMR. in Na,K-ATPase and related cation pumps: Structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 290-292.

Paludan, SR 2003, Interactions between herpes simplex virus and leukocytes: molecular mechanisms and impact on antiviral defense. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Aarhus Universitet.

Petticreew, EL, Droppo, IG & Kronvang, B 2003, 'Interactions between sediments and water', Hydrobiologia, vol. 494, pp. 1-4.

Kronvang, B (ed.) 2003, Interactions Between Sediments and Water: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Interactions between Sediments and Water, Banff, Alberta, Canada, May 5-10, 2002. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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