Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Munksgaard, L & Løvendahl, P 2003, Adfærd og høj mælkeydelse. in Dansk Kvæg Kongres. pp. 100-101, Dansk Kvæg Kongres, Herning, Denmark, 18/12/2010.

Herskin, MS 2003, Adfærd og stressreaktioner omkring fravænning. in Temamøde: Optimering af mave-tarmmiljøet hos grise omkring fravænning. pp. 4-9, Adfærd og stressreaktioner omkring fravænning, 18/12/2010.

Johnson, MP & Tyack, PL 2003, 'A digital acoustic recording tag for measuring the response of wild marine mammals to sound', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2002.808212

Brandt, A 2003, A digital filter method for forced response computation. in 21st International Modal Analysis Conference. Orlando: SEM Pub, 21st International Modal Analysis Conference, United States, 03/02/2003. <http://bth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?dswid=-9908&faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A837924&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all>

Lihn, AS, Østergaard, T, Nyholm, B, Pedersen, SB, Richelsen, B & Schmitz, O 2003, 'Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients', Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 284(2), pp. 443-448.

Lihn, AM, Ostergard, T, Nyholm, B, Pedersen, SB , Richelsen, B & O., S 2003, 'Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients', Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 284, no. 2.

Buch, AS 2003, 'A direct proof of the quantum version of Monk's formula', Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 131, no. 7, pp. 2037-2042. <http://www.ams.org/proc/2003-131-07/S0002-9939-03-06765-0/S0002-9939-03-06765-0.pdf>

Jørgensen, LN, Hagelskjær, L & Nielsen, GC 2003, Adjusting the fungicide input in winter wheat depending on variety resistance. in BCPC International Congress: Crop Science and Technology. British Crop Protection Council - BCPC, pp. 1115-1120, BCPC International Congress: Crop Science and Technology , Glasgow, United Kingdom, 10/11/2003.

Munk, KJ 2003, 'Administrative costs and optimal diversions from free trade in a small open economy', Paper presented at The International Conference on Policy Modelling for European and Global Issues, Istanbul, juli, Turkey, 17/12/2010.

Møller-Sørensen, AN 2003, 'Administrativ håndhævelse: Natur- og miljøbeskyttelse', København.

Fibiger, B 2003, 'A Dog Not Yet Burried: - Dogvilkel as a Political Manifesto', P. O. V. - A Danish Journal of Film Studies, vol. 16, no. 16. <http://imv.au.dk/publikationer/pov/POV.html>

Bennett, M, Rikhardsson, PM & Schaltegger, S 2003, Adopting environmental management accounting. in Martin Bennett, Pall Rikhardsson, Stefan Schaltegger (eds) (ed.), Environmental Management Accounting - Purpose and Progress. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (NL), pp. 1-14.

Lund-Andersen, I 2003, Adoption. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 33-50.

Roepstorff, A 2003, 'A doubble dissociation in twentieth century psychology? A commentary on Bernard Baars: The Double Life of B.F. Skinner', J Consc Stud, vol. 10, pp. 62-67.

Hjorthaug, K, Jorgensen, JO & Frøkiær, J 2003, 'Adrenal scintigraphy [Binyrebarkscintigrafi (kolesterolscintigrafi)]', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 165, no. 37, pp. 3518-3521.

Porteri, E, Rizzoni, D, Mulvany, MJ, De Ciuceis, C, Sleiman, I, Boari, GE, Castellano, M, Muiesan, ML, Zani, F & Rosei, EA 2003, 'Adrenergic mechanisms and remodeling of subcutaneous small resistance arteries in humans', Journal of Hypertension, vol. Dec, no. 21, pp. 2345-2352.

Otzen, DE, Oliveberg, M & Höök, F 2003, 'Adsorption of a small protein to a methyl-terminated hydrophobic surfaces: Effect of protein-folding thermodynamics and kinetics', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7765(02)00186-8

Onsgaard, J, Hoffmann, SV, Møller, P, Godowski, PJ, Wagner, JB, Paolucci, G, Baraldi, A, Comelli, G & Groso, A 2003, 'Adsorption of CO₂and Coadsorption of H and CO₂ on Potassium-Promoted Cu(115)', ChemPhysChem, vol. 4, pp. 466-473.

Stensgaard, I 2003, 'Adsorption of di-L-alanine on Cu(110) investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy', Surface Science, vol. 545, pp. 747-752.

Illeris, K 2003, 'Adult education as experienced by the learners', International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 22, no. 1.

Illeris, K 2003, Adult's motivation for Lifelong Learning in Europe.

Blay, J-Y, van Glabbeke, M, Verweij, J, van Oosterom, AT, Le Cesne, A, Oosterhuis, JW, Judson, I & Nielsen, OS 2003, 'Advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a disease that is potentially curable for a subset of patients treated with chemotherapy', European Journal of Cancer, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00480-X

Soler Cruz, MD, Vega Robles, C, Birkett, M, Dewhirst, S, Pickett, J, Steenberg, T , Kilpinen, O & Jespersen, JB 2003, 'Advances in the development of novel control methods against chicken mites (Dermanyssus gallinae)', Advances in the development of novel control methods against chicken mites (Dermanyssus gallinae), 18/12/2010.

Rasmussen, C, Lagnaoui, A & Esbjerg, P 2003, 'Advances in the knowledge of quinoa pests', Food Reviews International, vol. 19, no. 1-2, pp. 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1081/FRI-120018868

Cawood, SH 2003, Advancing Women in the Workplace: ? Good Practice Guide. Women and Equality Unit, Department of Trade and Industryand The Danish Research Centre on Gend, UK.

Mæng, M , Mertz, H , Nielsen, SS, van Eys, GJ, Rasmussen, K , Rasmussen, LK & Espersen, G 2003, 'Adventitial myofibroblasts play no major role in neointima formation after angioplasty', Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 34-42.

Østergaard, S 2003, 'Adverbs of time', Tidsskrift for sprogforskning, pp. 165422-1.

Ratanajamit, C, Skriver, MV , Nørgaard, M , Jepsen, P , Schønheyder, HC & Sørensen, HT 2003, 'Adverse pregnancy outcome in users of sulfamethizole during pregnancy: a population-based observational study', Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 52, pp. 837-41.

Ratanajamit, C, Skriver, MV , Jepsen, P, Chongsuvivatwong, V, Olsen, J & Sørensen, HT 2003, 'Adverse pregnancy outcome in women exposed to acyclovir during pregnancy: a population-based observational study', Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 255-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365540310000229

Nilsson, PM, Engberg, M, Nilsson, J-A, Karlsmose, B & Lauritzen, T 2003, 'Adverse social factors predict early ageing in middle-aged men and women: the Ebeltoft Health Study, Denmark', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 255-60.

Ambelas Skjøth, C, Gyldenkærne, S, Hertel, O & Ellermann, T 2003, 'A dynamical Ammonia Emission Parameterization for use in Large and Local Scale Air Pollution Models', EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice, France, 06/04/2003 - 11/04/2003.

Lindhard Pedersen, H 2003, 'Æblerne høstes', Økologisk Jordbrug, vol. 23, no. 296, pp. 6.

Lindhard Pedersen, H 2003, 'Æblerne tegner godt', Økologisk Jordbrug, vol. 23, no. 290, pp. 8.

Dybkjær, L & Jacobsen, AP 2003, Æde- og drikkeadfærd omkring fravænning. in Temamøde: Optimering af mave-tarmmiljøet hos grise omkring fravænning. pp. 76-79, Æde- og drikkeadfærd omkring fravænning, 18/12/2010.

Lund-Andersen, I 2003, Ægtefællebidrag. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 217-243.

Nørgaard, I 2003, Ægtepagter. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 407-418.

Nørgaard, I 2003, Ægteskabets retsvirkninger - indledning. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 293-299.

Schaumburg-Müller, S (Translator), Schaumburg-Müller, S (ed.), Selmer, B (ed.) & Mehdi, R 2003, Ægteskab, formue og medgift: Ret og sædvane i fire pakistanske landsbyer. in Retlig mangfoldighed: En fælles udfordring for retsvidenskab og antropologi. Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 215-228.

Lund-Andersen, I 2003, Ægteskab og andre samlivsformer - aktuel ægteskabsret. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 157-169.

Lund-Andersen, I 2003, Ægteskabs indgåelse og registrering af partnerskab. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 171-183.

Bakker, P & Van der Voort, H 2003, 'Ældre dame overfaldet af tosproget', Sprog og Integration, no. 3, pp. 23-24.

O'Connor, M & Elklit, A 2003, 'Ældre der sørger: Om posttraumatisk stress forstyrrelse hos ældre efterladte og den betydning, personlighed spiller for sorgreaktionen', Psykolog Nyt, vol. 57, no. 21, pp. 3-11.

Stubager, R 2003, 'Ændrede skillelinjer siden 1960'erne?', Politica, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 377-390.

Lund-Andersen, I 2003, Ændring af aftaler om vilkår m.v. in Familieret. 5. edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 283-292.

Ingvartsen, KL , Larsen, T & Berg, P 2003, Ændringer og variation i stofskifteparametre - hvad er årssagsfaktorerne? in Temamøde: Malkekoens Energioptagelse, Mobilisering og sundhed (MEMO). pp. 71-92, Malkekoens Energioptagelse, Mobilisering og sundhed (MEMO), Foulum, Denmark, 18/12/2010.

Teilmann, J , Dietz, R , Edren, SMC, Henriksen, OD & Carstensen, J 2003, Aerial surveys of seals at Rødsand seal sanctuary and adjacent haul-out sites. Research Notes from NERI, no. 188, National Environmental Research Institute. <http://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_arbrapporter/rapporter/AR188.pdf>

Ciais, P, Apadula, F, Brandt, J, Ciattaglia, L, Haszpra, L, Leuenberger, MC, Levin, I, Heimann, M, Hutjes, RWA, Meijer, H, Moncrieff, J & Vermeulen, AT 2003, AEROCARB: Third Periodic Report (Intermediate Report during the Extension Period), Contract No. EVK2-CT-1999-00013. European Commission.

Swietlicki, E, Ketzel, M, Kristensson, A, Wåhlin, P, Gudmundsson, A, Dahl, A, Gharibi, A, Nilsson, T, Berkowicz, R, Palmgren, F, Johansson, C, Gustafsson, M & Blomqvist, G 2003, 'Aerosol Particle Emissions from Traffic Sources: Tail-Pipe and Others - Results from Several Studies in Sweden and Denmark', BACCI Workshop on Surface flux, Micrometerology and Chemistry. WP1, Roskilde, Denmark, 11/11/2003 - 12/11/2003.

Palmgren, F , Wåhlin, P, Berkowicz, R, Ketzel, M , Illerup, JB , Nielsen, M , Winther, M, Glasius, M & Jensen, B 2003, Aerosols in Danish Air (AIDA): Mid-term report 2000-2002. NERI Technical Report, vol. 460, National Environmental Research Institute. <http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR460.PDF>

Kyndrup, M 2003 'Æstetisk analyse' ACTS 19 edn, Æstetik og Kultur, Aarhus Universitet, Århus.

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