Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Mouritsen, P, Faas, D, Meer, N & Witte, ND 2019, 'Leitkultur debates as civic integration in North-Western Europe: The nationalism of ‘values’ and ‘good citizenship’', Ethnicities, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 632-653. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796819843538

Kaasgaard Jepsen, N & Mathiasen, JB 2019, Ill-defined knowledge boundaries: a battlefield for transdisciplinary engineering. in K Hiekata, B Moser, M Inoue, J Stjepandić & N Wognum (eds), Transdisciplinary Engineering for Complex Socio-technical Systems - Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 543-552, 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 30/07/2019. https://doi.org/10.3233/ATDE190162

Gustavsen, S, Sondergaard, HB , Andresen, SR, Magyari, M, Sorensen, PS, Sellebjerg, F & Oturai, AB 2019, 'Illegal cannabis use is common among Danes with multiple sclerosis', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, vol. 33, pp. 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.05.008

Simonsen, K-M 2019, 'Illusoriske Paradis-drømme: Vargas Llosa om Gaugins revolutionære mormor', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 26.

Christoffersen, EE 2019, 'ILT 19 – Teaterfestival i Aarhus', Peripeti. <http://www.peripeti.dk/2019/05/30/6287/>

Hansen, JW & Carstensen, J 2019, Iltforhold. in JW Hansen (ed.), Marine områder 2017. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 308, pp. 49-56. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR308.pdf>

Hansen, JW & Carstensen, J 2019, Iltforhold. in JW Hansen & S Høgslund (eds), Marine områder 2018. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 355, pp. 50-57. <https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR355.pdf>

Hansen, JW & Rytter, D 2019, 'Iltsvind i de danske farvande i august-september 2019: Rapporteringsperiode: 24. august - 18. september', 19 p., Sept 27, 2019. Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://bios.au.dk/raadgivning/vand/havmiljoe/iltsvind/>

Hansen, JW & Rytter, D 2019, 'Iltsvind i de danske farvande i juli-august 2019: Rapporteringsperiode: 1. juli - 23. august', 21 p., Aug 30, 2019. Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://bios.au.dk/raadgivning/vand/havmiljoe/iltsvind/>

Hansen, JW & Rytter, D 2019, 'Iltsvind i de danske farvande i oktober-november 2019: Rapporteringsperiode: 24. oktober- 20. november2019', 16 p., Nov 29, 2019. Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://bios.au.dk/raadgivning/vand/havmiljoe/iltsvind/>

Hansen, JW & Rytter, D 2019, 'Iltsvind i de danske farvande i september-oktober 2019: Rapporteringsperiode: 19. september - 23. oktober 2019', 18 p., Nov 01, 2019. Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://bios.au.dk/raadgivning/vand/havmiljoe/iltsvind/>

Hansen, OLP , Svenning, J-C , Olsen, K, Dupont, S, Garner, BH, Iosifidis, A, Price, BW & Høye, TT, Image data used for publication "Species-level image classification with convolutional neural network enable insect identification from habitus images", 2019, Dataset. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3549369

Tan, LT, Tanderup, K, Kirisits, C, de Leeuw, A, Nout, R, Duke, S, Seppenwoolde, Y, Nesvacil, N, Georg, D, Kirchheiner, K, Fokdal, L, Sturdza, A, Schmid, M, Swamidas, J, van Limbergen, E, Haie-Meder, C, Mahantshetty, U, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I, Lindegaard, JC & Pötter, R 2019, 'Image-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy in Cervical Cancer', Seminars in Radiation Oncology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 284-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.010

Jacobsen, A-C 2019, 'Image, Isabella. The Human Condition in Hilary of Poitiers: The Will and Original Sin between Origen and Augustine', The Journal of Religion, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 572-573.

Brasil, DM, Pauwels, R, Coucke, W, Haiter-Neto, F & Jacobs, R 2019, 'Image quality optimization of narrow detector dental computed tomography for paediatric patients', Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, vol. 48, no. 5, Y. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190032

Brasil, DM, Pauwels, R, Coucke, W, Haiter-Neto, F & Jacobs, R 2019, 'Image quality optimization using a narrow vertical detector dental cone-beam CT', Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, vol. 48, no. 3, 20180357. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20180357

Svystun, O , Wenzel, A , Schropp, L & Spin-Neto, R 2019, 'Image-stitching artefacts in CCD-based cephalograms and their association with head movement. An ex vivo study.', 6th EADMFR Junior Meeting, Istanbul, Turkey, 03/02/2019 - 07/02/2019.

Larsen, SN 2019, 'Imagine the University without condition', Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300-05201005

Mascarenhas, VV, Ayeni, OR, Egund, N , Jurik, AG, Caetano, A, Castro, M, Novo, J, Gonçalves, S & Sutter, R 2019, 'Imaging Methodology for Hip Preservation: Techniques, Parameters, and Thresholds', Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 197-226. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688714

Ulstrup, S, Koch, RJ, Schwarz, D, McCreary, KM, Jonker, BT, Singh, S, Bostwick, A, Rotenberg, E, Jozwiak, C & Katoch, J 2019, 'Imaging microscopic electronic contrasts at the interface of single-layer WS ₂ with oxide and boron nitride substrates', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 114, no. 15, 151601. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5088968

Vu-Quang, H , Vinding, MS , Jakobsen, M , Song, P , Dagnaes-Hansen, F , Nielsen, NC & Kjems, J 2019, 'Imaging rheumatoid arthritis in mice using combined near infrared and ¹⁹F magnetic resonance modalities', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 14314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50043-0

Thorwarth, D & Muren, L 2019, 'Imaging science and development in modern high-precision radiotherapy', Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, vol. 12, pp. 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phro.2019.11.008

Watson, LA, O'Mahen, H & Lee, L 2019, 'Imagining and Remembering Childbirth: A Prospective Study of Psychological Distress in First-Time Mothers', 9th World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies 2019, Berlin, 17/07/2019 - 20/07/2019 pp. 302-303.

Nickelsen, NCM 2019, 'Imagining and Tinkering with Assistive Robotics in Care for the Disabled', Paladyn, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2019-0009

Clasen, M 2019, Imagining the end of the world: a biocultural analysis of post-apocalyptic fiction. in D Vanderbeke & B Cooke (eds), Evolution and Popular Narrative. Brill, pp. 64-82. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391161_005

Felby, LC , Robinson, S & Smedegaard Ernst Bengtsen, S 2019, 'Imagining the future in the present: Student career dreams and academic identity as a contested space?', Society for Research into Higher Education, Newport, United Kingdom, 11/12/2019 - 13/12/2019.

Arrabito, G, Ferrara, V, Ottaviani, A, Cavaleri, F, Cubisino, S, Cancemi, P, Ho, YP, Knudsen, BR, Hede, MS, Pellerito, C, Desideri, A, Feo, S & Pignataro, B 2019, 'Imbibition of Femtoliter-Scale DNA-Rich Aqueous Droplets into Porous Nylon Substrates by Molecular Printing', Langmuir, vol. 35, no. 52, pp. 17156-17165. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02893

Petersen, KT 2019, 'Menneske - han, hun, den eller det? Genusforenkling og genusændring fra gammeldansk til moderne dansk med sideblik til svensk', Danske Studier, vol. 2019, pp. 5-41.

Mortensen, MR , Nielsen, NL , Palmfeldt, J & Gothelf, KV 2019, 'Imidazole carbamate probes for affinity guided azide-transfer to metal-binding proteins', Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1379-1383. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8OB03017K

Liin, B 2019, Immaterial- og markedsføringsret m.v. markedsretlig beskyttelse af virksomheders kontrakter m.v . in T Iversen, S Karstoft & LHG Madsen (eds), Festskrift til Bent Iversen. Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 331-345.

Madsen, PB 2019, Immaterialret. in T Iversen (ed.), Formueretlige emner. 9 edn, Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 259-297.

Charlton, JR, Harer, MW, Swan, C & Nielsen, R 2019, 'Immature megalin expression in the preterm neonatal kidney is associated with urinary loss of vitamin carrier proteins', Pediatric Research, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 405-411. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0261-z

Thomsen, BMS, Manning, E & Munster, A (eds) 2019, Immediation I & II. vol. 2, Open Humanities Press. <http://www.openhumanitiespress.org/books/titles/immediation/>

Siem, JB 2019, Immersion as participation and reflection: Review of Kolesch et al. 'Staging Spectators in Immersive Performances'. Affective Societies Blog, Freie Universität Berlin. <http://affective-societies.de/2019/aus-der-forschung/english-book-review-immersion-as-participation-and-reflection/>

Young, J, Langlotz, T, Cook, M, Mills, S & Regenbrecht, H 2019, 'Immersive Telepresence and Remote Collaboration using Mobile and Wearable Devices', IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 25, no. 5, 8642375, pp. 1908-1918. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2019.2898737

Koumaditis, K , Venckute, S , Jensen, FS & Chinello, F 2019, Immersive Training: Outcomes from Small Scale AR/VR Pilot-Studies. in 26th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, VR 2019 - Proceedings., 9044162, IEEE, IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, vol. 2019-January, pp. 1894-1898, 26th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, VR 2019, Osaka, Japan, 23/03/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR44988.2019.9044162

Møller, AB , Vendelbo, MH, Schjerling, P, Couppé, C, Møller, N, Kjær, M, Hansen, M & Jessen, N 2019, 'Immobilization Decreases FOXO3a Phosphorylation and Increases Autophagy-Related Gene and Protein Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle', Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 10, 736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00736

Calabretta, E, D’amore, F & Carlo-Stella, C 2019, 'Immune and inflammatory cells of the tumor microenvironment represent novel therapeutic targets in classical hodgkin lymphoma', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 21, 5503. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215503

Rådestad, E, Klynning, C, Stikvoort, A, Mogensen, O, Nava, S, Magalhaes, I & Uhlin, M 2019, 'Immune profiling and identification of prognostic immune-related risk factors in human ovarian cancer', OncoImmunology, vol. 8, no. 2, e1535730, pp. e1535730. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2018.1535730

Tansey, MG & Romero-Ramos, M 2019, 'Immune system responses in Parkinson's Disease: early and dynamic', The European journal of neuroscience, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14290

Terkelsen, O 2019, Immunitet. in Folkeret og menneskerettigheder. Karnov Group, pp. 146-160.

Nudel, R, Benros, ME, Krebs, MD, Allesøe, RL, Lemvigh, CK, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Børglum, AD, Daly, MJ, Nordentoft, M, Mors, O, Hougaard, DM, Mortensen, PB, Buil, A, Werge, T, Rasmussen, S & Thompson, WK 2019, 'Immunity and mental illness: findings from a Danish population-based immunogenetic study of seven psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1445-1455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0402-9

Lausen, M, Christiansen, G, Guldbæk Poulsen, TB & Birkelund, S 2019, 'Immunobiology of monocytes and macrophages during Chlamydia trachomatis infection', Microbes and Infection, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2018.10.007

Bendstrup, E & Vasakova, M 2019, 'Immunodeficiency', ERS Monograph, vol. 2019, no. 9781849841122, pp. 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10015619

Baur, X, Akdis, CA, Budnik, LT, Cruz, MJ, Fischer, A, Förster-Ruhrmann, U, Göen, T, Goksel, O, Heutelbeck, AR, Jones, M, Lux, H, Maestrelli, P, Munoz, X, Nemery, B, Schlünssen, V , Sigsgaard, T, Traidl-Hoffmann, C & Siegel, P 2019, 'Immunological methods for diagnosis and monitoring of IgE-mediated allergy caused by industrial sensitizing agents (IMExAllergy)', Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 1885-1897. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13809

Kreutzman, A, Yadav, B, Brummendorf, TH, Gjertsen, BT, Hee Lee, M, Janssen, J, Kasanen, T, Koskenvesa, P, Lofti, K, Markevärn, B, Olsson-Strömberg, U, Stentoft, J, Stenke, L, Söderlund, S, Udby, L, Richter, J, Hjorth-Hansen, H & Mustjoki, S 2019, 'Immunological monitoring of newly diagnosed CML patients treated with bosutinib or imatinib first-line', OncoImmunology, vol. 8, no. 9, e1638210. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2019.1638210

Rios, X, Compte, M, Gómez-Vallejo, V, Cossío, U, Baz, Z, Morcillo, MÁ, Ramos-Cabrer, P, Alvarez-Vallina, L & Llop, J 2019, 'Immuno-PET Imaging and Pharmacokinetics of an Anti-CEA scFv-based Trimerbody and Its Monomeric Counterpart in Human Gastric Carcinoma-Bearing Mice', Molecular Pharmaceutics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1025-1035. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01006

Larsen, FT, Bed'Hom, B, Naghizadeh, M , Kjærup, RB, Zohari, S & Dalgaard, TS 2019, 'Immunoprofiling of peripheral blood from infectious bronchitis virus vaccinated MHC-B chicken lines – Monocyte MHC-II expression as a potential correlate of protection', Developmental and Comparative Immunology, vol. 96, pp. 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.004

Simonsen, LT , Schmidt, AMS , Øllegaard, TH, Svane, IM, Bastholt, L, Luczak, AA & Schmidt, H 2019, 'Immunterapi til patienter med malignt melanom og hjernemetastaser', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, no. 24, V01190057. <https://ugeskriftet.dk/videnskab/immunterapi-til-patienter-med-malignt-melanom-og-hjernemetastaser>

Ha, NTK, Huong, DTT, Phuong, NT, Bayley, M & Jensen, FB 2019, 'Impact and tissue metabolism of nitrite at two acclimation temperatures in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)', Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 212, pp. 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.008

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