Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Yang, M, Rajeeve, K, Rudel, T & Dandekar, T 2019, 'Comprehensive Flux Modeling of Chlamydia trachomatis Proteome and qRT-PCR Data Indicate Biphasic Metabolic Differences Between Elementary Bodies and Reticulate Bodies During Infection', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, 2350. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02350

Seong, D, Cho, JS & Teräsvirta, T 2019 'Comprehensive Testing of Linearity against the Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2019-17, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, pp. 1-44.

Di Buò , B, Länsivaara, T, Franza, A & Mayne , P 2019, Compressibility of Finnish sensitive clays. in 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2019 - Proceedings. 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ECSMGE) , Reykjavik, Iceland, 01/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.32075/17ECSMGE-2019-0498

Arlander, BA , Heiberg, J , Eskildsen, SF , Østergaard, L , Evald, L & Hjortdal, VE 2019, 'Compromised general intellectual functioning in adults with repaired atrial septal defect', 22nd Annual Update on Pediatric and Congenital Cardiovascular Disease, United States, 13/02/2019 - 17/02/2019.

Arlander, BA , Heiberg, J , Eskildsen, SF , Østergaard, L , Evald, L & Hjortdal, VE 2019, 'Compromised general intellectual functioning in adults with repaired atrial septal defect', World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. NP37.

Witcombe, NA 2019, Compulsory childcare in socially marginalised areas in Denmark. Nordics.info, Aarhus. <https://nordics.info/show/artikel/compulsory-childcare-in-socially-marginalised-areas-in-denmark/>

Sutton, J, Langlotz, T & Itoh, Y 2019, Computational glasses: Vision augmentations using computational near-eye optics and displays. in Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR-Adjunct 2019., 8951961, IEEE, pp. 438-442, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR-Adjunct 2019, Beijing, China, 14/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2019.00050

Hulme, A, McLean, S, Salmon, PM, Thompson, J, Lane, BR & Nielsen, RO 2019, 'Computational methods to model complex systems in sports injury research: Agent-based modelling (ABM) and systems dynamics (SD) modelling', British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 53, no. 24, pp. 1507-1510. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100098

Ladefoged, LK 2019, 'Computational modeling of the serotonergic synapse: Investigations of small molecule binding and effect'.

Pertsova, A, Geilhufe, RM, Bremholm, M & Balatsky, AV 2019, 'Computational search for Dirac and Weyl nodes in f-electron antiperovskites', Physical Review B, vol. 99, no. 20, 205126. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.205126

Buch, J, Etches, A , Nielsen, K , Musaeus, LH & Hjorth, HA 2019, Computational Thinking i Matematik og Naturvidenskab: Evaluering af kursusforløbet efter det første gennemløb 2018-2019. Rapport udarbejdet for Danske Science Gymnasier (DASG) af Center for Computational Thinking & Design, Aarhus Universitet. Aarhus. <https://science-gym.dk/evaluer/CTiMNAT-evaluering-20182019.pdf>

Musaeus, LH & Musaeus, P 2019, Computational thinking in the Danish high school: Learning coding, modeling, and content knowledge with Netlogo. in SIGCSE 2019 - Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 913-918, 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE 2019, Minneapolis, United States, 27/02/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287452

T. Peplow, A, Andersen, LV & Persson, P 2019, Computation of axisymmetric vibration transmission using a well-conditioned system for elastic layers over a half–space. in M Papadrakakis & M Fragiadakis (eds), COMPDYN 2019 - 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings. vol. 2, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, pp. 4548-4556, 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Crete, Greece, 24/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.7712/120119.7248.18695

Blanke, P, Weir-McCall, JR, Achenbach, S, Delgado, V, Hausleiter, J, Jilaihawi, H, Marwan, M, Norgaard, BL, Piazza, N, Schoenhagen, P & Leipsic, JA 2019, 'Computed tomography imaging in the context of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) / transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography', Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2018.11.008

Blanke, P, Weir-McCall, JR, Achenbach, S, Delgado, V, Hausleiter, J, Jilaihawi, H, Marwan, M, Nørgaard, BL, Piazza, N, Schoenhagen, P & Leipsic, JA 2019, 'Computed Tomography Imaging in the Context of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)/Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography', JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.12.003

Czolgosz, I , Cornelis, M & Cattaneo, PM 2019, 'Computer-aided indirect donding versus direct donding: Comparison of bonding time immediate failures and cost-minimization analysis', European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 41, no. 5, 15, pp. e8. <https://academic-oup-com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:12048/ejo/article/41/5/e1/5572373>

O'Neill, S, Jensen, TS & Kent, P 2019, 'Computerized quantification of pain drawings', Scandinavian Journal of Pain, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0082

Kierkegaard, S , Rømer, L , Lund, B , Dalgas, U , Søballe, K & Mechlenburg, I 2019, 'Computer tomography acquired hip angles and patient reported outcomes in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome', Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, vol. 27, no. Supplement 1, pp. S359-S359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.773

Tang, N, Sandahl, TD , Ott, P & Kepp, KP 2019, 'Computing the Pathogenicity of Wilson’s Disease ATP7B Mutations: Implications for Disease Prevalence', Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 5230-5243. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00852

Jansson, J, Mampentzidis, K, Rajaby, R & Sung, W-K 2019, Computing the Rooted Triplet Distance between Phylogenetic Networks. in CJ Colbourn, R Grossi & N Pisanti (eds), Combinatorial Algorithms - 30th International Workshop, IWOCA 2019, Proceedings. Springer, pp. 290-303, 30th International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, Pisa, Italy, 23/07/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25005-8_24

Fournais, S , Miqueu, JP & Pan, XB 2019, 'Concentration Behavior and Lattice Structure of 3D Surface Superconductivity in the Half Space', Mathematical Physics Analysis and Geometry, vol. 22, no. 2, 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11040-019-9307-7

Xing, X, Corredig, M, Meng, B, Wu, R & Griffiths, MW 2019, 'Concentration of hepatitis A virus in milk using protamine-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles', Food Microbiology, vol. 84, 103236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2019.05.020

Nørskov, NP, Givens, I, Purup, S & Stergiadis, S 2019, 'Concentrations of phytoestrogens in conventional, organic and free-range retail milk in England', Food Chemistry, vol. 295, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.081

Pedersen, KK , Madsen, MK , Hvid, LG & Overgaard, K 2019, 'Concentric strength training at optimal or short muscle length improves strength equally but does not reduce fatigability of hamstring muscles', Physiological Reports, vol. 7, no. 16, e14196. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14196

Ma, X, Hohnerlein, C & Ahrens, J 2019, 'Concept and Perceptual Validation of Listener-Position Adaptive Superdirective Crosstalk Cancelation Using a Linear Loudspeaker Array', Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 871-881. https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2019.0037

Jensen, UT, Andersen, LB , Ladegaard, L , Bøllingtoft, A , Mundbjerg Eriksen, TL, Holten, A-L, Jacobsen, CB, Ladenburg, J, Nielsen, PA , Salomonsen, HH , Westergård-Nielsen, N & Würtz, A 2019, 'Conceptualizing and Measuring Transformational and Transactional Leadership', Administration & Society, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399716667157

Vognsen, FL 2019, Conceptualizing Danish “piracy”, c. 1460–1525: a criminalised economy or a circular exchange of goods, money and people? in Merchants, pirates, and smugglers: criminalization, economics, and the transformation of the maritime world (1200–1600). Campus Verlag, Frankfurt, pp. 145-163.

Pedersen, AY 2019, 'Conceptualizing Hybrid Educational Spaces (HES)', Hybrid Learning Spaces – Design, Data, Didactics, Delft, Netherlands, 16/09/2019 - 16/09/2019 pp. 1-7.

Baes, CF, Schenkel, FS, Abdalla, EA, Begli, HE, Harlander-Matauschek, A, Barbut, S, Adams, SM, Leishman, EM, Vanderhout, RJ, Yahiro, M, van Staaveren, N & Wood, BJ 2019, 'Conceptual, theoretical, and applied aspects of genomic selection in turkeys', 11th European Symposium on Poultry Genetics (ESPG), Prague, Czech Republic, 23/10/2019 - 25/10/2019.

Brøgger, K 2019, Concluding Remarks: “Who Marks the Bench?”. in Educational Governance Research. Springer Science+Business Media, Educational Governance Research, vol. 10, pp. 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00886-4_7

Mosbech, A & Christensen, T 2019, Concluding workshop: Needs for research coordination and planning. in L Anker Kyhn & A Mosbech (eds), White Paper - North Water Polynya Conference: Copenhagen 2017. Aarhus Universitet, Roskilde, pp. 147-152, North Water Polynya Conference , Copenhagen, Denmark, 22/11/2017. <http://conferences.au.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/NOW_Conference_book_White_paper.pdf>

Eilenberg, M & Cons, J 2019, Conclusion: assembling the frontier. in J Cons & M Eilenberg (eds), Frontier assemblages: the emergent politics of resource frontiers in Asia. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, Antipode, pp. 229-234.

Kühle, L 2019, Conclusion. in J Borup, MQ Fibiger & L Kühle (eds), Religious diversity in Asia. Brill, Leiden, International Studies in Religion and Society, vol. 34, pp. 317-331.

Munkholm, L, Pelaudeix, C & Kristiansen, BL 2019, Conclusion. Transnationalisation and legal actors: Legitimacy in question. in B Lemann Kristiansen, K Mitkidis, L Munkholm, L Neumann & C Pelaudeix (eds), Transnationalisation and legal actors : Legitimacy in question. Routledge, London, pp. 230-245.

Grewling, L, Bogawski, P, Kryza, M, Magyar, D, Sikoparija, B, Skjoth, CA, Udvardy, O, Werner, M & Smith, M 2019, 'Concomitant occurrence of anthropogenic air pollutants, mineral dust and fungal spores during long-distance transport of ragweed pollen', Environmental Pollution, vol. 254, no. A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.116

WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators 2019, 'Concordance between the diagnostic guidelines for alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the draft ICD-11 and other classification systems: Analysis of data from the WHO's World Mental Health Surveys', Addiction, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 534-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14482

Gundersen, SV, Goodman, R, Clemmensen, L, Rimvall, MK, Munkholm, A, Rask, CU, Skovgaard, AM, Van Os, J & Jeppesen, P 2019, 'Concordance of child self-reported psychotic experiences with interview- and observer-based psychotic experiences', Early Intervention in Psychiatry, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 619-626. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12547

Mkrtychian, N, Blagovechtchenski, E, Kurmakaeva, D, Gnedykh, D, Kostromina, S & Shtyrov, Y 2019, 'Concrete vs. Abstract Semantics: From Mental Representations to Functional Brain Mapping', Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 13, 267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00267

van de Pol, J 2019, Concurrent algorithms and data structures for model checking. in W Fokkink & R van Glabbeek (eds), 30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR 2019., 4, Dagstuhl Publishing, Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, vol. 140, 30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR 2019, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 27/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.4

Van Der Berg, FI & Van De Pol, J 2019, Concurrent chaining hash maps for software model checking. in C Barrett & J Yang (eds), Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD 2019., 8894279, IEEE, pp. 46-54, 19th Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD 2019, San Jose, United States, 22/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.23919/FMCAD.2019.8894279

Olsen, P , Juul, MØØ & Brincker, R 2019, 'Condensation of the correlation functions in modal testing', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 118, pp. 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.08.036

Boie, S , Glavind, J , Uldbjerg, N, Bakker, JJH, Van Der Post, J, Steer, PJ & Bor, IP 2019, 'CONDISOX- continued versus discontinued oxytocin stimulation of induced labour in a double-blind randomised controlled trial', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 19, no. 1, 320. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2461-x

Jure, FA, Arguissain, FG, Biurrun Manresa, JA & Andersen, OK 2019, 'Conditioned pain modulation affects the withdrawal reflex pattern to nociceptive stimulation in humans', Neuroscience, vol. 408, pp. 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.016

Andersen, MF , Handberg, R , Weiss, E , Frandsen, S, Simon-Diaz, S, Grundahl, F & Pallé, P 2019, 'Conducting the SONG: The Robotic Nature and Efficiency of a Fully Automated Telescope', Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), vol. 131, no. 998, 045003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aaff7c

Jensen, NBK , Assenholt, MS , Fokdal, LU , Vestergaard, A, Schouboe, A, Kjaersgaard, EB, Bøjen, A , Nyvang, L , Lindegaard, JC & Tanderup, K 2019, 'Cone beam computed tomography-based monitoring and management of target and organ motion during external beam radiotherapy in cervical cancer', Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, vol. 9, pp. 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phro.2018.12.002

Hartlev, J , Spin-Neto, R, Schou, S, Isidor, F & Nørholt, SE 2019, 'Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of staged lateral ridge augmentation using platelet rich fibrin or resorbable collagen membranes in a randomized controlled clinical trial', Clinical Oral Implants Research, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13413

Hartlev, J , Klit Pedersen, T & Nørholt, SE 2019, 'Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of tooth injury after segmental Le Fort I osteotomy', International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 84-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2018.08.005

Matzen, LH & Berkhout, E 2019, 'Cone beam CT imaging of the mandibular third molar: a position paper prepared by the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR)', Dento maxillo facial radiology, vol. 48, no. 5, 20190039. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190039

Raja, R & Rüpke, J 2019, 'Conference outline: An Urban Archaeology of Ancient Religion', An Urban Archaeology of Ancient Religion, Gentofte, Denmark, 23/06/2019 - 26/06/2019 pp. 2.

Hass, TA, Jacobsen, JK, Raja, R & Saxkjær, SG 2019, 'Conference outline: Caesar's Past and Posterity's Caesar', Caesar's Past and Posterity's Caesar , Copenhagen , Denmark, 29/04/2019 - 30/04/2019 pp. 4-5.

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