Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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de Oliveira, GJPL, Sousa, R, Pereira, LM, Tadashi, E, Bezerra, F, Sloten, JV, Quirynen, M, Teughels, W, Spin-Neto, R & Pessoa, R 2019, 'Effect of different implant neck designs on marginal bone loss–5‐years prospective clinical trial', 28th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Association for Osseointegration, 26‐28 September 2019, Lissabon, Portugal, 26/09/2019 - 28/09/2019 pp. 325.

van der Heide, ME , Engberg, RM & Nørgaard, JV 2019, 'Effect of different insect meals on performance and gut health of monogastric animals', Abstract from 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science EAAP 2019, Ghent, Belgium, Ghent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019.

Calabró, L, Bougouin, W, Cariou, A, De Fazio, C, Skrifvars, M, Soreide, E, Creteur, J, Kirkegaard, H, Legriel, S, Lascarrou, JB, Megarbane, B, Deye, N & Taccone, FS 2019, 'Effect of different methods of cooling for targeted temperature management on outcome after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Critical Care, vol. 23, no. 1, 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-019-2567-6

Olijhoek, D , Hellwing, ALF , Grevsen, K , Haveman, L , Chowdhury, MR , Løvendahl, P , Weisbjerg, MR , Noel, SJ , Hojberg, O , Wiking, L & Lund, P 2019, 'Effect of dried oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plant material in feed on methane production, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 9902–9918. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16329

Bjerg, L , Hulman, A, Carstensen, B, Charles, M , Witte, DR & Jørgensen, ME 2019, 'Effect of duration and burden of microvascular complications on mortality rate in type 1 diabetes: an observational clinical cohort study', Diabetologia, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4812-6

Borregaard, B, Dahl, JS, Riber, LPS, Ekholm, O, Sibilitz, KL, Weiss, M, Sørensen, J, Berg, SK & Møller, JE 2019, 'Effect of early, individualised and intensified follow-up after open heart valve surgery on unplanned cardiac hospital readmissions and all-cause mortality', International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 289, pp. 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.056

Lehmann, JO , Mogensen, L & Kristensen, T 2019, 'Effect of early lactation milking frequency on peak milk yield and persistency of milk production', 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Gent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019.

Lan, PG, Gillin, AG, Pelosi, M, Tooher, J, Sandager, P & Hyett, J 2019, 'Effect of early use of low-dose aspirin therapy on late-onset preeclampsia', Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 2137-2142. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1427718

Overgaard, J & Alsner, J 2019, 'Effect of ESA as a modifier of radiotherapy in curative intended treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC)', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 130, pp. 191-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2018.08.014

Hansen, RSL & Smirnov, AY 2019, 'Effect of extended ν production region on collective oscillations in supernovae', Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2019, no. 10, 027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/027

Brøkner, C, Rasmussen, SH, Larsen, T , Berthelsen, C & Vestergaard, M 2019, 'Effect of feeding dairy calves an enzyme-treated soybean meal on health-related blood parameters', 18. BOKU-Symposium Tierernährung, Wien, Austria, 30/04/2019 - 30/04/2019.

Vargas-Beloo-Pérez, E, Dhakal, R, Kargo, M , Buitenhuis, AJ & Poulsen, NA 2019, 'Effect of feeding managements on the milk concentrations of short- and medium-chain fatty acids', 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Ghent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019.

Zhang, JS, Corredig, M, Morales-Rayas, R, Hassan, AN, Griffiths, MW & LaPointe, G 2019, 'Effect of fermented milk from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris strain JFR1 on Salmonella invasion of intestinal epithelial cells', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 102, no. 8, pp. 6802-6819. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15669

Yue, Y , Madsen, S , Hedemann, MS , Knudsen, KEB, Sparso, FV, Laursen, A, Jensen, HM, Knudsen, TA & Purup, S 2019, 'Effect of food ingredients on glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion in STC‐1 and HuTu‐80 cells', International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 3149-3155. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14247

Buene, AF, Boholm, N, Hagfeldt, A & Hoff, BH 2019, 'Effect of furan pi-spacer and triethylene oxide methyl ether substituents on performance of phenothiazine sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells', New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 43, no. 24, pp. 9403-9410. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01720h

Aspelund, T, Grübler, MR, Smith, AV, Gudmundsson, EF, Keppel, M, Cotch, MF, Harris, TB, Jorde, R, Grimnes, G, Joakimsen, R, Schirmer, H, Wilsgaard, T, Mathiesen, EB, Njølstad, I, Løchen, M-L, März, W, Kleber, ME, Tomaschitz, A, Grove-Laugesen, D , Rejnmark, L, Swart, KMA, Brouwer, IA, Lips, P, van Schoor, NM, Sempos, CT, Durazo-Arvizu, RA, Škrabáková, Z, Dowling, KG, Cashman, KD, Kiely, M, Pilz, S, Gudnason, V & Eiriksdottir, G 2019, 'Effect of Genetically Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Mortality Risk: Mendelian Randomization Analysis in 3 Large European Cohorts', Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 1, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010074

Sheng, B, Nielsen, SD-H , Poulsen, NA & Larsen, LB 2019, 'Effect of genetic variants of κ-casein on the digestibility of milk protein', 16th Symposium on Milk Genomics and Human Health, Aarhus, Denmark, 12/11/2019 - 14/11/2019.

Lamminen, M , Børsting, CF , Hellwing, ALF , Johansen, M , Weisbjerg, MR & Lund, P 2019, 'Effect of grass and maize silage ratio on milk and methane production of lactating dairy cows', 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Ghent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019 pp. 639.

Hansen, NP , Kristensen, T, Waldemar, P & Weisbjerg, MR 2019, 'Effect of harvest time and shredding of grass-clover on feed intake and chewing time in dairy cows', Advances in Animal Biosciences, vol. 10, no. 3, P 81, pp. 554-554. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/advances-in-animal-biosciences/article/proceedings-of-the-xiiith-international-symposium-on-ruminant-physiology-isrp-2019/7D464B8882B4D5304683797665CD9E5E>

M. Hosseini, SM, Rezaniakolaei, A & Rosendahl, L 2019, 'Effect of heat loss on performance of thin film thermoelectric: A mathematical model', Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 9, 096450. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aafba1

Claassen, YHM, van Amelsfoort, RM, Hartgrink, HH, Dikken, JL, de Steur, WO, van Sandick, JW, van Grieken, NCT, Cats, A, Boot, H, Trip, AK, Jansen, EPM, Kranenbarg, EM-K, Braak, JPBM, Putter, H, van Berge Henegouwen, MI, Verheij, M & van de Velde, CJH 2019, 'Effect of Hospital Volume With Respect to Performing Gastric Cancer Resection on Recurrence and Survival: Results From the CRITICS Trial', Annals of Surgery, vol. 270, no. 6, pp. 1096-1102. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002940

Jensen, MK, Faber, L, Liebregts, M, Januska, J, Krejci, J, Bartel, T, Cooper, RM, Dabrowski, M, Hansen, PR, Almaas, VM, Seggewiss, H, Horstkotte, D, Adlova, R, Berg, JT, Bundgaard, H & Veselka, J 2019, 'Effect of impaired cardiac conduction after alcohol septal ablation on clinical outcomes: Insights from the Euro-ASA registry', European Heart Journal - Quality of Care & Clinical Outcomes, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 252-258. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcy049

Aguilar, L, Gallegos, A, Arias, CA, Rubio, R, Haulani, L, Garcia, J, Pallarés, M, de Pablo, J & Morató , J 2019, 'Effect of induced aeration on NIRS and NOSZ gene copy numbers in the filter medium of vertical flow treatment wetlands', WETPOL2019: 8th International Symposium on Wetland Pollutants Dynamics and Control, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/06/2019 - 21/06/2019 pp. 98. <http://wetpol.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Book_of_Abstracts_WETPOL2019.pdf>

Cao, X, Chen, J , Islam, MN, Xu, W & Zhong, S 2019, 'Effect of Intermittent Microwave Volumetric Heating on Dehydration, Energy Consumption, Antioxidant Substances, and Sensory Qualities of Litchi Fruit during Vacuum Drying', Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 24, no. 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234291

Dey, N 2019, 'Effect of intravenous morphine bolus on respiratory drive in ICU patients: Effect of intravenous morphine bolus on respiratory drive in ICU patients', pp. 171-171.

Dey, N 2019, 'Effect of intravenous morphine bolus on respiratory drive in ICU patients: Effect of intravenous morphine bolus on respiratory drive in ICU patients', Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, pp. 172-172. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-019-0265-y

Soares, PBF, Soares, CJ, Limirio, PHJO, de Jesus, RNR, Dechichi, P, Spin-Neto, R & Zanetta-Barbosa, D 2019, 'Effect of ionizing radiation after-therapy interval on bone: histomorphometric and biomechanical characteristics', Clinical Oral Investigations, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2785-2793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2724-3

Vogeler, I, Thomas, S & van der Weerden, T 2019, 'Effect of irrigation management on pasture yield and nitrogen losses', Agricultural Water Management, vol. 216, pp. 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.022

Carmland, ME, Kreutzfeldt, M, Holbech, JV, Andersen, NT , Jensen, TS , Bach, FW, Sindrup, SH & Finnerup, NB 2019, 'Effect of lacosamide in peripheral neuropathic pain: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled, phenotype-stratified trial', Trials, vol. 20, no. 1, 588. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3695-7

Bech-Hansen, M, Kallehauge, RM, Bruhn, D, Castenschiold, JHF, Gehrlein, JB, Laubek, B, Jensen, LF & Pertoldi, C 2019, 'Effect of landscape elements on the symmetry and variance of the spatial distribution of individual birds within foraging flocks of geese', Symmetry, vol. 11, no. 9, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11091103

Timma, L , Djomo, SN & Knudsen, MT 2019, 'Effect of Land Use Changes on the Sustainability Assessment of Biorefineries Using Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment', 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lisbon, Portugal, 27/05/2019 - 30/05/2019 pp. 646.

Møller, AH , Jahangiri, A, Madsen, B, Joernsgaard, B, Vaerbak, S , Hammershøj, M & Dalsgaard, TK 2019, 'Effect of light, pH, metal ions and antioxidants on the colour stability of norbixin in aqueous solution', International Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1625-1632. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14035

Nielsen, R , Jorsal, A , Iversen, P , Tolbod, LP , Bouchelouche, K , Sørensen, J, Harms, HJ, Flyvbjerg, A , Tarnow, L, Kistorp, C, Gustafsson, I, Bøtker, HE & Wiggers, H 2019, 'Effect of liraglutide on myocardial glucose uptake and blood flow in stable chronic heart failure patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled LIVE sub-study', Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 585-597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-1000-2

Poulsen, CLN , Clausen, MR , Gregersen, SB & Bertram, HCS 2019, 'Effect of long‐term heat exposure on rheological and intrinsic water characteristics of bone‐derived beef stocks', Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 700-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4831

Müller, K, Dal Ferro, N, Katuwal, S, Tregurtha, C, Zanini, F, Carmignato, S, Wollesen De Jonge, L , Moldrup, P & Morari, F 2019, 'Effect of long-term irrigation and tillage practices on X-ray CT and gas transport derived pore-network characteristics', Soil Research, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 657-669. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR18210

Pryds, K , Schmidt, MR , Bjerre, M , Thiel, S , Refsgaard, J , Bøtker, HE , Østgård, RD & Nielsen, RR 2019, 'Effect of long-term remote ischemic conditioning on inflammation and cardiac remodeling', Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/14017431.2019.1622770

Møller-Bisgaard, S, Hørslev-Petersen, K, Ejbjerg, B, Hetland, ML, Ørnbjerg, LM, Glinatsi, D, Møller, J, Boesen, M, Christensen, R, Stengaard-Pedersen, K, Madsen, OR, Jensen, B, Villadsen, JA , Hauge, EM, Bennett, P, Hendricks, O, Asmussen, K, Kowalski, M, Lindegaard, H, Nielsen, SM, Bliddal, H, Krogh, NS, Ellingsen, T , Nielsen, AH, Balding, L, Jurik, AG, Thomsen, HS & Østergaard, M 2019, 'Effect of magnetic resonance imaging vs conventional treat-to-target strategies on disease activity remission and radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: the IMAGINE-RA randomized clinical trial', JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 321, no. 5, pp. 461-472. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21362

Rafiee-Tari, N, Fan, MZ, Archbold, T, Arranz, E & Corredig, M 2019, 'Effect of milk protein composition and amount of β-casein on growth performance, gut hormones, and inflammatory cytokines in an in vivo piglet model', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 102, no. 10, pp. 8604-8613. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15786

Urbschat, AE , Nielsen, TK , Nielsen, R & Maier, TJ 2019, 'Effect of nitro fatty acids in LPS challenged primary human renal tubular epithelial cells'.

Nielsen, SS, Krogh, MA, Munch, SL & Capion, N 2019, 'Effect of non-perforating abomasal lesions on reproductive performance, milk yield and carcass weight at slaughter in Danish Holstein cows', Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 167, pp. 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.04.001

Lashkari, S , Panah, FM & Weisbjerg, MR 2019, 'Effect of oat decortication, toasting and in combination on protein metabolism of dairy cows', Advances in Animal Biosciences, vol. 10, no. 3, P 75, pp. 548-548. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/advances-in-animal-biosciences/article/proceedings-of-the-xiiith-international-symposium-on-ruminant-physiology-isrp-2019/7D464B8882B4D5304683797665CD9E5E>

Møller, MH , Lousdal, ML, Kristiansen, IS & Støvring, H 2019, 'Effect of organized mammography screening on breast cancer mortality: A population-based cohort study in Norway', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 144, no. 4, pp. 697-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31832

Ejlsmark-Svensson, H , Rolighed, L & Rejnmark, L 2019, 'Effect of Parathyroidectomy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Randomized Clinical Trial', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 104, no. 8, pp. 3223-3232. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02456

Misevicius, M, Jonikavicius, K, Jørgensen, J-E & Balevicius, V 2019, 'Effect of partial substitution of Ca for Sr on crystal structure and luminescence of Ce-doped Sr ₄ Al ₁₄ O ₂₅', Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol. 274, no. June, pp. 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.026

Manevski, K , Jakobsen, M , Kongsted, AG, Georgiadis, P, Labouriau, R , Jørgensen, U & Hermansen, JE 2019, 'Effect of poplar trees on nitrogen and water balance in outdoor pig production - a case study in Denmark', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 646, pp. 1448-1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.376

Larsen, N, de Souza, CB, Krych, L, Kot, W, Leser, TD, Sørensen, OB, Blennow, A, Venema, K & Jespersen, L 2019, 'Effect of potato fiber on survival of Lactobacillus species at simulated gastric conditions and composition of the gut microbiota in vitro', Food Research International, vol. 125, 108644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108644

Nielsen, LE , Mielby, LA , Heymann, H & Byrne, DV 2019, 'Effect of Product Involvement on Panels’ Vocabulary Generation, Attribute Identification, and Sample Configurations in Beer', Foods, vol. 8, no. 10, 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100488

Rafiee Tari, N, Arranz, E & Corredig, M 2019, 'Effect of protein composition of a model dairy matrix containing various levels of beta-casein on the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of in vitro digestates', Food and Function, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1870-1879. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo01860j

Rasmussen, SH, Brøkner, C & Vestergaard, M 2019, 'Effect of protein sources in calf starter on growth performance of pre-weaned calves', 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Gent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019 pp. 562-562.

Dam, G , Vilstrup, H, Andersen, PK, Bossen, L , Watson, H & Jepsen, P 2019, 'Effect of proton pump inhibitors on the risk and prognosis of infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites', Liver International, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 514-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14012

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