Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jensen, NR 2015, 'Qualitative research skills for social work: theory and practice, by Malcolm Carey. Quasi-experimental research designs, by Bruce A. Thyer', European Journal of Social Work, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 157-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2015.988014

Almli, VL, MacDonald, G, Rohmann, H , Aschemann-Witzel, J, Steenbekkers, B, Roodhuyzen, D, Normann, A & Oostindjer, M 2015, 'Qualitative usage of projective mapping in focus groups: An application on food waste in five countries', Pangborn 2015: "11th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium", Gothenburg, Sweden, 23/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Kirisits, C, Federico, M, Nkiwane, K, Fidarova, E, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I, de Leeuw, A, Lindegaard, J, Pötter, R & Tanderup, K 2015, 'Quality assurance in MR image guided adaptive brachytherapy for cervical cancer: Final results of the EMBRACE study dummy run', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 548-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.001

Hansen, CR, Johansen, J, Kristensen, CA, Smulders, B, Andersen, LJ, Samsøe, E, Andersen, E, Petersen, JBB , Overgaard, J & Grau, C 2015, 'Quality assurance of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer patients treated in DAHANCA 10 randomized trial', Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1669-73. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1063780

Field, C, Bégin-Caouette, O & Kalpazidou Schmidt, E 2015, 'Quality, equality and efficiency: The perceived impact of public-sector research funding on the level of academic production in the Nordic higher education systems.ATLC 2015: Atlanda Conference on Science and Innovation Policy'.

Mitchell, D, Venermo, M, Mani, K, Bjorck, M, Troeng, T, Debus, S, Szeberin, Z, Hansen, AK, Beiles, B, Setacci, C, Bergqvist, D, Menyhei, G, Heller, G, Danielsson, G, Loftus, I, Thomson, I, Vogt, K, Jensen, L, Altreuther, M, Eldrup, N, Wigger, P, Moreno-Carriles, R, Lees, T & Vascunet Collaboration 2015, 'Quality Improvement in Vascular Surgery: The Role of Comparative Audit and Vascunet', European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1-3.

Tranberg, T , Lassen, JF , Kaltoft, AK , Hansen, TM , Stengaard, C , Knudsen, L, Trautner, S & Terkelsen, CJ 2015, 'Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest before and after introduction of a mechanical chest compression device, LUCAS-2; a prospective, observational study', Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0114-2

Wooten, HO, Green, O, Yang, M, DeWees, T, Kashani, R, Olsen, J, Michalski, J, Yang, D, Tanderup, K, Hu, Y, Li, HH & Mutic, S 2015, 'Quality of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Plans Using a (60)Co Magnetic Resonance Image Guidance Radiation Therapy System', International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 771-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.02.057

Kruse, C , Væth, M, Andersen, AK, Bisggaard, M, Al-Ameri, KSH, Abdullah, SM & Kirkevang, L-L 2015, 'Quality of in vitro root fillings done by undergraduate dental students using four different file systems', ESE 17th Biennial Congress, Barcelona, Spain, 16/09/2015 - 19/09/2015.

Medici, CR , Vestergaard, CH , Hjorth, P , Hansen, MV, Shanmuganathan, JW, Viuff, AG & Munk-Jørgensen, P 2015, 'Quality of life and clinical characteristics in a nonselected sample of patients with schizophrenia', The International journal of social psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015585330

Hlatky, MA, De Bruyne, B, Pontone, G, Patel, MR, Norgaard, BL, Byrne, RA, Curzen, N, Purcell, I, Gutberlet, M, Rioufol, G, Hink, U, Schuchlenz, HW, Feuchtner, G, Gilard, M, Andreini, D, Jensen, JM, Hadamitzky, M, Wilk, A, Wang, F, Rogers, C, Douglas, PS & PLATFORM Investigators 2015, 'Quality of Life and Economic Outcomes of Assessing Fractional Flow Reserve With Computed Tomography Angiography: The PLATFORM Study', Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.051

Edelbo Rasmussen, R, Schlott, A & Bager, P 2015, 'Quality of life improves after intraveneous iron infusion - But not if inflammation is present', ECCO meeting, Barcelona, Spain, 18/02/2015 - 21/02/2015.

Juul, T , Thaysen, HV & Chen, TY-T 2015, Quality of Life in Rectal Cancer Patients. in WE Longo, V Reddy & RA Audisio (eds), Modern Management of Cancer of the Rectum. Springer, London, pp. 349-66.

Frøding, LP, Ottosen, C, Mosgaard, BJ & Jensen, PT 2015, 'Quality of life, urogynecological morbidity, and lymphedema after radical vaginal trachelectomy for early-stage cervical cancer', International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 699-706. https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0000000000000395

Skjoth, CA, Werner, M, Kryza, M, Adams-Groom, B, Wakeham, A, Lewis, M & Kennedy, R 2015, 'Quality of the Governing Temperature Variables in WRF in relation to Simulation of Primary Biological Aerosols', ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY, vol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/412658

Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P, Seviour, TW & Yu, H-Q 2015, 'Quantification and kinetic characterization of soluble microbial products from municipal wastewater treatment plants,', Water Research, vol. 88, pp. 703-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.065

Nilsson, M, Sandberg, TH, Poulsen, JL, Gram, M , Frøkjær, JB, Østergaard, LR, Krogh, K, Brock, C & Drewes, AM 2015, 'Quantification and variability in colonic volume with a novel magnetic resonance imaging method', Neurogastroenterology and Motility, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1755-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12673

Phan, J-A , Landau, AM, Wong, DF, Jakobsen, S , Nahimi, A , Doudet, DJ & Gjedde, A 2015, 'Quantification of [(11)C]yohimbine binding to α2 adrenoceptors in rat brain in vivo', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 501-511. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.225

Andreasen, MF , Telving, R , Rosendal, I , Eg, MB , Hasselstrøm, JB & Vukelic Andersen, L 2015, 'Quantification of 25C-NBOMe in a fatal poisoning case: Identification based on a demethylated and glucuronidated metabolite of 25C-NBOMe'.

Pinkalski, CAS , Damgaard, C , Jensen, K-MV, Peng, R & Offenberg, J 2015, 'Quantification of ant manure deposition in a tropical agroecosystem: Implications for host plant nitrogen acquisition', Ecosystems, vol. 18, pp. 1373-1382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9906-5

Harms, H , Tolbod, LP, Kero, T, Bouchelouche, K , Frøkiær, J & Sørensen, J 2015, 'Quantification of cardiopulmonary blood volume turnover using dynamic PET', International Conference of Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac CT, Madrid, Spain, 03/05/2015 - 05/05/2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev049

Nørgaard, JV , Canibe, N , Assadi Soumeh, E , Jensen, BB, Nielsen, B, Derkx, P, Cantor, M, Blaabjerg, K & Poulsen, HD 2015, 'Quantification of intestinal amino acid production by b. Subtilis mutants in pigs using dose-response models', 13th Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Kliczkow, Poland, 19/05/2015 - 21/05/2015.

Nørgaard, JV , Canibe, N , Assadi Soumeh, E , Jensen, BB, Nielsen, B, Derkx, P, Cantor, M, Blaabjerg, K & Poulsen, HD 2015, Quantification of intestinal amino acid production by b. Subtilis mutants in Pigs using dose-response models . in Proceedings of 13th DPP: Digestive Physiology in Pigs Symposium. Kliczkow, pp. 78-78, 13th Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Kliczkow, Poland, 19/05/2015.

Theil, PK , Flummer, CB , Røjen, BA & Kristensen, NB 2015, Quantification of nutrients absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and secreted in to milk of lactating cows. in M Vestergaard (ed.), Proceedings: 8th International congress on Farm Animal Endocrinology., Abstract no. 20, pp. 31-31, 8th International congress on Farm Animal Endocrinology, Billund, Denmark, 27/08/2015.

Han, E, Kautz, T, Perkons, U, Lüsebrink, M, Pude, R & Köpke, U 2015, 'Quantification of soil biopore density after perennial fodder cropping', Plant and Soil, vol. 394, no. 1-2, pp. 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2488-3

Katuwal, S , Arthur, E, Tuller, M, Moldrup, P & de Jonge, LW 2015, 'Quantification of Soil Pore Network Complexity with X-ray Computed Tomography and Gas Transport Measurements', Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol. 79, no. 6, pp. 1577-1589. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0227

Pico, J, Martínez, MM, Martín, MT & Gómez, M 2015, 'Quantification of sugars in wheat flours with an HPAEC-PAD method', Food Chemistry, vol. 173, pp. 674-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.103

Kristensen, JA, Thomsen, KJ, Murray, AS , Buylaert, J-P, Jain, M & Breuning-Madsen, H 2015, 'Quantification of termite bioturbation in a savannah ecosystem: Application of OSL dating', Quaternary Geochronology, vol. 30, no. B, pp. 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2015.02.026

Cheng, S, Yang, G, Zhao, Y, Peng, M, Skibsted, J & Yue, Y 2015, 'Quantification of the boron speciation in alkali borosilicate glasses by electron energy loss spectroscopy', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, 17526. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17526

Naveed, M , Schjønning, P, Keller, T, de Jonge, LW, Moldrup, P & Lamandé, M 2015, 'Quantification of Transmission of Vertical stress and Soil Structure under Partially Confined Uniaxial Compression using X-ray CT', Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 17. <http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-13971-1.pdf>

Li, X , Sørensen, P, Li, FC, Petersen, SO & Olesen, JE 2015, 'Quantifying biological nitrogen fixation of different catch crops, and residual effects of roots and tops on nitrogen uptake in barley using in-situ 15N labelling', Plant and Soil, vol. 395, no. 1, pp. 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2548-8

Spence, M, Lähteenmäki, L , Stancu, V, Livingstone, MBE, Gibney, ER & Dean, M 2015, 'Quantifying consumer portion control practices: A cross-sectional study', Appetite, vol. 92, pp. 240-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.035

Langen, PL, Mottram, RH, Christensen, JH, Boberg, F, Rodehacke, CB, Stendel, M, van As, D, Ahlstrom, AP, Mortensen, J, Rysgaard, S, Petersen, D, Svendsen, KH, Adalgeirsdottir, G & Cappelen, J 2015, 'Quantifying Energy and Mass Fluxes Controlling Godthabsfjord Freshwater Input in a 5-km Simulation (1991-2012)', Journal of Climate, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 3694-3713. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00271.1

Langen, PL, Mottram, RH, Christensen, JH, Boberg, F, Rodehacke, CB, Stendel, M, van As, D, Ahlstrøm, AP, Mortensen, J, Rysgaard, S, Petersen, D, Svendsen, KH, Adalgeirsdottir, G & Cappelen, J 2015, 'Quantifying Energy and Mass Fluxes Controlling Godthåbsfjord Freshwater Input in a 5-km Simulation (1991–2012)', Journal of Climate, vol. 28, pp. 3694-3713. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00271.1

Pedersen, SH, E. Liston, G, Tamstorf, MP, Westergaard-Nielsen, A & Schmidt, NM 2015, 'Quantifying episodic snowmelt events in Arctic ecosystems', Ecosystems, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 839-856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9867-8

Reid, JM, Arcese, P, Keller, LF, Germain, RR, Duthie , AB, Losdat, S, Wolak, ME & Nietlisbach, P 2015, 'Quantifying inbreeding avoidance through extra-pair reproduction', Evolution, vol. 69, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12557

Sorensen, AA, van Beest, FM & Brook, RK 2015, 'Quantifying overlap in crop selection patterns among three sympatric ungulates in an agricultural landscape', Basic and Applied Ecology, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 601-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2015.05.001

Narloch, W, Piotrowski, JA & Wysota, W 2015, 'Quantifying subglacial processes and ice sheet dynamics’ variability from micro- and macroscale sedimentological record', XIX INQUA Congress, Nagoya, Japan, 26/07/2015 - 02/08/2015.

Zhou, K , Jensen, AL , Bochtis, D & Sørensen, CAG 2015, 'Quantifying the benefits of alternative fieldwork patterns in a potato cultivation system', Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 119, pp. 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.10.012

Gebremikael, MT, Steel, H, Bert, W, Maenhout, P, Sleutel, S & De Neve, S 2015, 'Quantifying the contribution of entire free-living nematode communities to carbon mineralization under contrasting C and N availability', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 9, e0136244. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136244

Lambrechts, A, Yarrow, K, Maras, K, Fusaroli, R & Gaigg, S 2015, 'Quantifying the use of gestures in Autism Spectrum Disorder', IMFAR 2015, Salt Lake City, United States, 13/05/2015 - 16/05/2015.

Lambrechts, A, Yarrow, K, Maras, K, Fusaroli, R & Gaigg, S 2015, 'Quantifying the Use of Gestures in Autism Spectrum Disorder', IMFAR 2015, Salt Lake City, United States, 13/05/2015 - 16/05/2015. <https://imfar.confex.com/imfar/2015/webprogram/Paper20072.html>

Hathwar, VR , Sist, M , Jørgensen, MRV , Mamakhel, MAH, Wang, X, Hoffmann, CM, Sugimoto, K, Overgaard, J & Iversen, BB 2015, 'Quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions in orthorhombic rubrene', IUCrJ, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 563-574. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252515012130

da Silva, VH, Gonçalves, JL, Vasconcelos, FVC, Fernanda Pimentel, M & Pereira, CF 2015, 'Quantitative analysis of mebendazole polymorphs in pharmaceutical raw materials using near-infrared spectroscopy', Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 115, pp. 587-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.018

Nikolajsen, GN , Kotynski, KA , Jensen, MS & West, MJ 2015, 'Quantitative analysis of the capillary network of aged APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice', Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2954-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.004

Spampinato, S, Cacciato, G, Zimbone, M, Ruffino, F & Grimaldi, MG 2015, 'Quantitative evaluation of surface topographical changes of Au thin films after DNA immobilization', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 639, pp. 120-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2015.09.006

Chatterjee, K, Pavlogiannis, A & Velner, Y 2015, Quantitative interprocedural analysis. in POPL 2015 - Proceedings of the 42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery, Conference Record of the Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, vol. 2015-January, pp. 539-551, 42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2015, Mumbai, India, 12/01/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2676968

Porporatti, AL, Costa, YM, Stuginski-Barbosa, J, Bonjardim, LR, Conti, PCR & Svensson, P 2015, 'Quantitative methods for somatosensory evaluation in atypical odontalgia', Brazilian Oral Research, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0020

Hoff, C, Balche, A, Majgaard, J, Tolbod, LP , Harms, H , Bouchelouche, K , Sørensen, J , Frøkiær, J & Gormsen, LC 2015, 'Quantitative perfusion parameters in a cohort of patients with no known ischemic heart disease and normal myocardial perfusion imaging studied by 82Rb-PET', International Conference of Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac CT, Madrid, Spain, 03/05/2015 - 05/05/2015.