Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Gustbée, E, Tryggvadottir, H, Markkula, A, Simonsson, M, Nodin, B, Jirström, K, Rose, C, Ingvar, C, Borgquist, S & Jernström, H 2015, 'Tumor-specific expression of HMG-CoA reductase in a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients.', BMC Clinical Pathology, vol. 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12907-015-0008-2

Andersen, MD, Nielsen, PS , Bendix, K , Riber-Hansen, R , Steiniche, T , Hamilton-Dutoit, S , Clausen, M & d'Amore, F 2015, 'Tumour-associated mast cells in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation with histological subtype, other tumour-infiltrating inflammatory cell subsets and outcome', European Journal of Haematology, pp. 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.12583

Whitehead, BJ, Wu, L, Hvam, ML , Aslan, H , Dong, M , Dyrskjøt, L , Ostenfeld, MS, Moein Moghimi, S & Howard, K 2015, 'Tumour exosomes display different differential mechanical and complement activation properties dependent on malignant state: implications in endothelial leakiness', Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, vol. 4, 29685. https://doi.org/10.3402/jev.v4.29685

Henriksen, JN & Christiansen, J 2015, 'Tumours of colon - are they always cancers? Necrotic amoeboma in a healthy Scandinavian with no travel anamnesis', The 27th European Congress of Pathology (ECP 2015), Beograd, Serbia, 05/09/2015 - 09/09/2015.

Johannsen, JC, Ulstrup, S, Crepaldi, A, Cilento, F, Zacchigna, M, Miwa, JA, Cacho, C, Chapman, RT, Springate, E, Fromm, F, Raidel, C, Seyller, T, King, PDC, Parmigiani, F, Grioni, M & Hofmann, P 2015, 'Tunable Carrier Multiplication and Cooling in Graphene', Nano Letters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 326-331. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503614v

Ebbesen, MF , Olesen, MTJ , Gjelstrup, MC , Pakula, MM, Larsen, EK, Hansen, IM, Hansen, PL, Mollenhauer, J, Malle, BM & Howard, K 2015, 'Tunable CD44-Specific Cellular Retargeting with Hyaluronic Acid Nanoshells', Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1462-1474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-014-1552-7

Wacker, L , Jørgensen, NB , Birkmose, DM , Horchani, R, Ertmer, W, Klempt, C, Winter, N , Sherson, J & Arlt, JJ 2015, 'Tunable dual-species Bose-Einstein condensates of ³⁹K and ⁸⁷Rb', Physical Review A, vol. 92, no. 5, 053602. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.053602

Han, Z, Kohno, K, Fujita, H, Hirakawa, K & Toshiyoshi, H 2015, 'Tunable terahertz filter and modulator based on electrostatic MEMS reconfigurable SRR array', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 21, no. 4, 6975029, pp. 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2378591

Farrugia, N, Jakubowski, K, Cusack, R & Stewart, L 2015, 'Tunes stuck in your brain: The frequency and affective evaluation of involuntary musical imagery correlate with cortical structure', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 35, pp. 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.020

Derczynski, L, Chester, S & Bøgh, KS 2015, Tune Your Brown Clustering, Please. in GA Angelova, K Bontcheva & R Mitkov (eds), International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing ’2015 Proceedings. INCOMA Ltd, Hissar, Bulgaria, Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, pp. 110–117, International Conference on recent advances in Natural Processing, Hissar, Bulgaria, 07/09/2015. <http://lml.bas.bg/ranlp2015/docs/RANLP_main.pdf>

Ehlers, S & Gilpin, A 2015, Tuning in China: Comparative education. in R Wagenaar, A Gilpin & P Beneitone (eds), Tuning in China: an EU-China feasibility study into the modernisation of higher education. Deusto University Press, Bilbao, pp. 46-49. <http://tuningchina.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Tuning-in-China-DIG.pdf>

Møller, KT, Dovgaliuk, I, Safin, DA, Robeyns, K, Jensen, TR & Filinchuk, Y 2015, 'Tuning the AlL3 – BH3NH2R System for Hydrogen Storage', iNANO Autumn School 2015, Farsø, Denmark, 09/10/2015 - 11/10/2015.

Andersen, HL & Christensen, M 2015, 'Tuning the size of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanocrystallites - An in situ powder X-ray diffraction study', 20th International Conference on Magnetism, Barcelona, Spain, 05/07/2015 - 10/07/2015.

Tsing, A & Haraway, D 2015, 'Tunneling in the Chthulucene: stories for resurgence on a damaged planet'.

Svensmark, JSS, Tolstikhin, OI & Madsen, LB 2015, 'Tunneling ionization of molecules including nuclear m', 5th International conference on, Québec, Canada, 05/07/2015 - 10/07/2015.

Sørensen, SS 2015, Turfinalt eller i spørgsmål i dansk interaktion. in IS Hansen & TT Hougaard (eds), 15. Møde om Udforskningen af Dansk Sprog. MUDS - Møde om Udforskningen af Dansk Sprog, vol. 15, pp. 377-398, 15. Møde om udforskning af dansk sprog, Aarhus, Denmark, 09/10/2014. <http://muds.dk/rapporter/MUDS_15.pdf>

Lauritsen, P 2015, 'Turing, testen og tragedien', Dagbladet Information, pp. 4-5. <http://www.information.dk/522100>

Radgoudarzi, M 2015, 'Turkish Foreign Policy in South Caucasus and Its Impact in Iran-Azerbaijan Relationship', Journal of Politics and Law, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 122-129.

Leroyer, P 2015, 'Turning the corpus into a functional component of the dictionary: the case of the Oenolex wine dictionary', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 198, pp. 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.444

Kirkels, F, Cammeraat, E, Kalbitz, K, van Oost , K, Ellerbrock, R, Follain, S, Fuchslueger, L, Gerke, H, Heckrath, GJ, Kögel-Knabner, I, Kuhn, NJ, van Loon, E, Quinton, J, Richter, A, Salvador-Blanes, S, Sommer, M & Steffens, M 2015, 'Turnover of eroded soil organic carbon after deposition in terrestrial and aquatic environments', EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 12/04/2015 - 17/04/2015.

Qvist, I, Østergaard, M, Aarhus, R , Mikkelsen, LR & Bastrup, L 2015, 'Tværfaglig journal club øger kompetencer og tværfagligt engagement hos hospitalsansatte', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 18, pp. 1711-1713.

Adolphsen, C 2015, 'Tvangsadoption af anbragte børn', Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen.

Bruun, HH, Heilmann-Clausen, J, Ejrnæs, R, Petersen, AH & Rahbek, C 2015, 'Tvivlsom rapport om træer', Politiken.

Leer, J 2015, 'TV-kokken som kønsopdrager: styring af køn gennem maddannelse i Jamie’s Ministry of Food, The F-word og Le Chef Contre-attaque', K&K: kultur og klasse, vol. 43, no. 120, pp. 83-102. <http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/kok/article/view/22972>

Leer, J 2015, 'TV-slagtningens pædagogik', Asterisk (magasin), no. 73, pp. 32-33. <http://www.e-pages.dk/aarhusuniversitet/1082/>

Schriver, M , Cubaka, VK, Kyamanywa, P, Cotton, P & Kallestrup, P 2015, 'Twinning Ph.D. students from south and north: towards equity in collaborative research', Education for Primary Care, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 349-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2015.1079970

Macia, O & Swann, AF 2015, 'Twist geometry of the c-map', Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 336, no. 3, pp. 1329-1357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-015-2314-z

Pedersen, DH 2015 'Twisting Functors for Quantum Group Modules' arxiv.org. <http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.07039>

Peters, RA 2015, 'Twitter-revolutioner og fejltagne protestbevægelser: Om sociale bevægelser, nye medier og social forandring', Slagmark: tidsskrift for idéhistorie , no. 71, pp. 179-193.

Dueholm, M, Christensen, JW, Rydbjerg, S, Hansen, ES & Ørtoft, G 2015, 'Two- and three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound with power Doppler angiography and gel infusion sonography for diagnosis of endometrial malignancy', Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 734-743. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.13421

Santner, J, Larsen, M, Kreuzeder, A & Glud, RN 2015, 'Two decades of chemical imaging of solutes in sediments and soils - a review', Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 878, pp. 9-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.006

Dueholm, M , Holm, JW , Rydbjerg, S , Hansen, ES & Ørtoft, G 2015, 'Two-dimensional and 3-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound off-line analysis with addition of power Doppler angiography and gel infusion sonography for diagnosis of endometrial malignancy', Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, pp. 734-43.

Li, Q , Song, J , Besenbacher, F & Dong, MD 2015, 'Two-dimensional material confined water published as part of the accounts of chemical research special issue "2d nanomaterials beyond Graphene"', Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500306w

Peng, Z, Hou, X, Liu, L, Mi, J & Dong, M 2015, 'Two-Dimensional π-Conjugated Metal Bis(dithiolene) Complex Nanosheets as Selective Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C, vol. 119, no. 50, pp. 28028-28037. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b09148

Ylinen, S, Nora, A, Leminen, A, Hakala, T, Huotilainen, M, Shtyrov, Y, Mäkelä, JP & Service, E 2015, 'Two distinct auditory-motor circuits for monitoring speech production as revealed by content-specific suppression of auditory cortex', Cerebral Cortex, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1576-86. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht351

Vejdemo, S, Levisen, C, von Scherpenberg, C, Beck, TG, Næss, Å, Zimmerman, M, Stockall, L & Whelpton, M 2015, 'Two Kinds of Pink: Development and Difference in Germanic Colour Semantics', Language Sciences, vol. 49, no. May, pp. 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2014.07.007

Edwards, D 2015, 'Two molecular measures of relatedness based on haplotype sharing', BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 16, no. 383, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0802-y

Lauritzen, N & Thomsen, JF 2015 'Two properties of endomorphisms of Weyl algebras' arxiv.org. <http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.02499>

Murray, C , Carstensen, J & Andersen, J 2015, 'Two prototype tools for assessing good environmental/ecological status (GES) in aquatic ecosystems – DEVOTES and WATERS'.

Garg, S & Polychroniadou, A 2015, Two-round adaptively secure MPC from indistinguishability obfuscation. in Y Dodis & J Buus Nielsen (eds), Theory of Cryptography: 12th Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2015, Warsaw, Poland, March 23-25, 2015, Proceedings, Part II. Springer VS, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9015, pp. 614-637, Theory of Cryptography Conference, Warsaw, Poland, 23/03/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46497-7_24

Mukherjee, P & Wichs, D 2015 'Two Round MPC from LWE via Multi-Key FHE' Cryptology ePrint Archive. <http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/345>

Schyth, BD, Bela-ong, D, Jalali, SAH, Kristensen, LBJ, Einer-Jensen, K, Pedersen, FS & Lorenzen, N 2015, 'Two Virus-Induced MicroRNAs Known Only from Teleost Fishes Are Orthologues of MicroRNAs Involved in Cell Cycle Control in Humans', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. e0132434. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132434

Cámara-Leret, R, Newton, P, Hawes, J, Salm, R, Balslev, H & Peres, CA 2015, 'Two-year participatory monitoring of extractivism in Brazilian Amazonia', Resilience of tropical ecosystems: future challenges and opportunities, Zürich, Switzerland, 07/04/2015 - 10/04/2015.

Vellev, J 2015, 'Tycho Brahes salg af hovedgården Knutstorp i Skåne 1594-98', Ale: Historisk Tidskrift for Skåne, Halland och Blekinge, vol. 3, pp. 24-37.

Eriksen, CB 2015, Tyngdekraft, naturhistorie, revolution. <http://baggrund.com/tyngdekraft-naturhistorie-revolution/>

Jørgensen, F , van Rossenberg, YGT, Kinnie, N & Swart, J 2015, 'Types of knowledge-in use in professional service firms and influence on commitment dyads', Paper presented at conference on organizational learning, Knowledge and Capabilities, Oslo , Norway, 22/04/2014 - 24/04/2014.

Jørgensen, F, Swart, J, Kinnie, N & van Rosenberg, Y 2015, 'Types of knowledge-in use in Professional Service Firms and influence on commitment dyads'.

Kilian, M & Lomholt, HB 2015, 'Typing of the enigmatic Propionibacterium acnes: Invited commentary', British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 172, no. 5, pp. 1181. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13771

Hallsteinsdóttir, E, Baunsgaard Koll, P, Müller, KL & Kilian, J 2015, Typisch deutsch – typisch dänisch? SMiK-Unterrichtsmaterialien zur Bewusstmachung von nationalen Stereotypen. SMiK-Projekt.

Hallsteinsdóttir, E, Baunsgaard Koll, P, Müller, KL & Kilian, J 2015, Typisk dansk – typisk tysk? SMiK-undervisningsmateriale til bevidstgørelse af nationale stereotyper. SMiK-Projekt.

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