Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Chen, M 2015, 'Ultraporous interweaving electrospun microfibers from PCL–PEO binary blends and their cellular response', NanoBio&Med2015 Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 18/11/2015 - 20/11/2015. <http://www.nanobiomedconf.com/nanobiomedAbstracts/2015/2015_Chen_Menglin_menglin@inano.au.dk_nanoBio&Med2015_Menglin_Chen.pdf>

Li, Y , Gregersen, HV , Nygaard, JV , Cheng, W, Yu, Y, Huang, Y, Dong, M , Besenbacher, F & Chen, M 2015, 'Ultraporous nanofeatured PCL–PEO microfibrous scaffolds enhance cell infiltration, colonization and myofibroblastic differentiation', Nanoscale, vol. 7, no. 36, pp. 14989-14995. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr04244e

MacGregor, LJ, Difrancesco, S, Pulvermüller, F, Shtyrov, Y & Mohr, B 2015, 'Ultra-rapid access to words in chronic aphasia: the effects of intensive language action therapy (ILAT)', Brain Topography, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 279-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0398-y

Haahr-Lillevang, L & Balling, P 2015, Ultrashort-pulse laser excitation and damage of dielectric materials: Experiments and modeling. in Pacific Rim Laser Damage 2015: : Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers. SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings of SPIE , vol. 9532, Pacific Rim Laser Damage 2015: Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers, Jiading, Shanghai, China, 17/05/2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2185834

Wilkens, R , Nielsen, AH , Krogh, K & Glerup, H 2015, 'ULTRASONOGRAPHY PROVIDES A VALID ALTERNATIVE TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENTEROGRAPHY IN CROHN’S DISEASE.', UEGW (United European Gastroenterology Week), Barcelona, Spain, 24/10/2015 - 28/10/2015.

Narayan, R, Saaid, R, Pedersen, LH & Hyett, J 2015, 'Ultrasound Assessment of Umbilical Cord Morphology in the First Trimester: A Feasibility Study', Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.

Laursen , CB, Davidsen, JR, Graumann, O & Hansen, NC 2015, 'Ultrasound guided transthoracic biopsy performed by respiratory physicians: Diagnostic yield and complications', European Respiratory Journal. Supplement, vol. 46(suppl 59), no. PA2205 · September . https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA2205

Yang, C , Thomsen, RP , Ogaki, R , Kjems, J & Mian Teo, B 2015, 'Ultrastable green fluorescence carbon dots with a high quantum yield for bioimaging and use as theranostic carriers', Journal of Materials Chemistry B, vol. 3, no. 4577, pp. 4577-4584. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00467E

Alexander, RT, Beggs, MR, Zamani, R, Marcussen, N, Frische, S & Dimke, H 2015, 'Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical localization of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 4 in Ca2+-transporting epithelia', American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology, vol. 309, no. 7, pp. F604-16. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00651.2014

Madsen, AB & Andersen, LW 2015, 'Ulves adfærd nær bebyggelse', 4 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019).

Sunde, P 2015, 'Ulves naturlige skyhed i områder med høj befolkningstæthed', 5 p.. <http://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2015/Ulves_naturlige_skyhed_i_taetbefolkede_omraader.pdf>

Maul, DR 2015, Um exercito de representantes silencioso: As ONGs norte-americanas e o surgimento de mecanicos internacionais de ajuda humanitaria (1917-1939). in M Bandeira Jeronimo & JP Monteiro (eds), Os passados do presente : Internacionalismo, imperialismo e a construção do mundo contemporâneo. Almedina, Coimbra, Lisboa, pp. 211-230.

Eriksen, C & Haviv, J (eds) 2015, Umyndiggørelse. Klim, Aarhus.

Tarp, S 2015, Una base de datos – diez diccionarios distintos. in L Ruiz Miyares, MR Álvarez Silva, A Muñoz Alvarado, Y Pérez Joa & D Jackson Rodríquez (eds), Comunicación Social: Retos y Perspectivas. vol. 1, Centro de Lingüística Aplicada, Santiago de Cuba, pp. 273-277.

Sundvall, L, Kirkegaard, K , Ingerslev, HJ & Knudsen, UB 2015, 'Unaltered timing of embryo development in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a time-lapse study', Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-015-0488-0

Smeets, S 2015, 'Unanimity and exposure in the EU Council of Ministers - or how the Dutch won and lost the ICTY debate', European Journal of Political Research, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 288-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12083

García, ÓJM 2015, 'Una utopía secular: La teoría de la modernización y la política exterior estadounidense en la Guerra Fría', Historia y Política, no. 34, pp. 27-52.

Osterrieder, D, Ventosa-Santaulària, D & Vera-Valdés, JE 2015 'Unbalanced Regressions and the Predictive Equation' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-09, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Andreasen, LN , Balleby, IR & Holm, NR 2015, 'Uncertain Detection of Nonuniform Scaffold Expansion Patterns Using Optical Coherence Tomography', JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1135-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2015.04.009

Jamema, SV, Mahantshetty, U, Andersen, ES, Noe, KØ , Sørensen, TS , Kallehauge, JF, Shrivastava, SK, Deshpande, DD & Tanderup, K 2015, 'Uncertainties of deformable image registration for dose accumulation of high-dose regions in bladder and rectum in locally advanced cervical cancer', Brachytherapy, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 953-962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2015.08.011

Curci, G, Balzarini, A, Baró, R, Bianconi, R, Brunner, D, Forkel, R, Giordano, L, Hirtl, M, Hogrefe, C, Honzak, L, Im, U, Jiménez Guerrero, P, Knote, C, Langer, M, Makar, P, Pirovano, G, Pérez, JL, San José, R, Syrakov, D, Tuccella, P, Werhahn, J, Wolke, R & Žabkar, R 2015, 'Uncertainties of simulated aerosol optical properties induced by assumptions on aerosol physical and chemical properties.', Atmospheric Environment, vol. 115, pp. 541-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.009

Bossini, D, Miglio, A, Salaris, M, Pietrinferni, A, Montalban, J, Bressan, A, Noels, A, Cassisi, S, Girardi, L & Marigo, P 2015, 'Uncertainties on near-core mixing in red-clump stars: effects on the period spacing and on the luminosity of the AGB bump', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 453, no. 3, pp. 2290-2301. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1738

D. Parsekian, A & Grombacher, D 2015, 'Uncertainty estimates for surface nuclear magnetic resonance water content and relaxation time profiles from bootstrap statistics', Journal of Applied Geophysics, vol. 119, pp. 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2015.05.005

Kristensen, K , Rubæk, GH , Heckrath, GJ & Elsgaard, L 2015, 'Uncertainty in sampling and analysis of soil – what is the effect of different strategies?', Cultivar Testing Bulletin, vol. 34, pp. 62-64.

Abbiati, G, Marelli, S, S. Bursi, O, Sudret, B & Stojadinovic, B 2015, Uncertainty propagation and global sensitivity analysis in hybrid simulation using polynomial chaos expansion. in The Fourth International Conference on Soft Computing Technology in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering. The Fourth International Conference on
Soft Computing Technology in
Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic, 01/09/2015.

Abbiati, G, Marelli, S, Sudret, B, S. Bursi, O & Stojadinovic, B 2015, Uncertainty Propagation and Global Sensitivity Analysis in Hybrid Simulation using Polynomial Chaos Expansion. in Y Tsompanakis, J Kruis & BHV Topping (eds), Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute. . ASCE, Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute, Pako Alto, California, United States, 16/06/2015.

David, BM, Dowsley, R, van der Graaf, J, Marques, D, Nascimento, ACA & Pinto, A 2015, 'Unconditionally Secure, Universally Composable Privacy Preserving Linear Algebra', I E E E Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 59 - 73 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2476783

Rempe, KA, Spruce, LA, Porsch, EA, Seeholzer, SH, Nørskov-Lauritsen, N & St Geme, JW 2015, 'Unconventional N-Linked Glycosylation Promotes Trimeric Autotransporter Function in Kingella kingae and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus', mBio, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. e01206-15. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01206-15

Nielsen, JL 2015, 'Uncovering the Contemporary Lives of the Little Known Chinese Ewenki: Review of "Reclaiming the Forest: The Ewenki Reindeer Herders of Aoluguya" by Åshild Kolås & Yuanyuan Xie', Anthropology Book Forum , vol. online. <http://www.anthropology-news.org/?book-review=uncovering-the-contemporary-lives-of-the-little-known-chinese-ewenki>

Carter, D 2015, 'Uncovering the Cornfield: Revisions of History in Smile's 'Cabin Essence'', Popular Music & Society, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 565–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2014.970858

Klaas, M, Haiminen, N, Utro, F, Vellani, T, Cormican, P, Lærke, PE , Jørgensen, U, Parida, L & Barth, S 2015, 'Uncovering the water stress response of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) from differential expression of the reference transcriptome', Plant and Animal Genome Conference XIII, San Diego, United States, 10/01/2015 - 14/01/2015.

Na, H , Lever, MA , Kjeldsen, KU, Schulz, F & Jørgensen, BB 2015, 'Uncultured Desulfobacteraceae and Crenarchaeotal group C3 incorporate (13) C-acetate in coastal marine sediment', Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 614-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12296

Stoecker, DK, Nejstgaard, JC, Madhusoodhanan, R, Pohnert, G, Wolfram, S, Jakobsen, H, Sulcius, S & Larsen, A 2015, 'Underestimation of microzooplankton grazing in dilution experiments due to inhibition of phytoplankton growth', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1426-1438. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10106

Krejberg, KG 2015, 'Undergangsvisioner fra det indre eksil: Ernst Jünger: 'På marmorklipperne' og 'Det eventyrlige hjerte' (anmeldelse)', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 28-30.

Balling, N & Fuchs, S 2015, Undergrundens temperatur i det sydlige Jylland og nordlige Tyskland.

Else, BGT, Rysgaard, S, Attard, K, Campbell, K, Crabeck, O, Galley, RJ, Geilfus, NX, Lemes, M, Lueck, R, Papakyriakou, T & Wang, F 2015, 'Under-ice eddy covariance flux measurements of heat, salt, momentum, and dissolved oxygen in an artificial sea ice pool', Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 119, pp. 158-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.06.018

Lander, F, Nielsen, KJ , Rasmussen, K & Lauritsen, J 2015, Underrapportering af arbejdsulykker: LO-rapport, version 2.0: En ny vinkel på underrapportering. København.

Tsalis, G , Hansen, IH & Lähteenmäki, L 2015, Undersøgelse af forbrugernes holdning til produkter, der er tilsat D-vitamin af sundhedsmæssige årsager. DCA rapport, no. 067, vol. 067, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Christensen, TK , Clausen, P , Hounisen, JP & Fox, AD 2015, Undersøgelse af lokale bevægelser og flyvehøjder hos bramgæs ynglende på Saltholm, Danmark. Technical Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, vol. 52, vol. 52, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy.

Hansen, JLS & Fossing, H 2015, Undersøgelse af vægttab ved alkoholkonservering af bundfauna. Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 71, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR71.pdf>

Kargo, M & Thomasen, JR 2015, Undersøgelsen om fremtidens malkeko er afsluttet. <http://orgprints.org/30160/1/Kargo_2015_UndersogelsenAfsluttet.pdf>

Christensen, JW & Carlsen, B 2015, 'Undersøgelser af hestens adfærd giver viden om hestevelfærd', Ridehesten, Hippologisk i Avl & Sport, vol. 07/15, pp. 118-123.

Raeside, R, Egdell, V, Graham, H, Berthet, T, Goffette, C, Simon, V, Vero, J, Chiappero-Martinetti, E, Acconcia, G, Scervini, F, Kjeldsen, CC & Dan, A 2015, Understanding agents’ views of youth unemployment and young people’s integration into society. in Participatory research: deliverable 5.4: report on the quantitative case studies (Work package 5). society-youth.eu, Bielefeld, pp. 4-51. <http://www.society-youth.eu/images/media/del_5_4_report_quantitative_case_studies_july_2015.pdf>

Veldhuis, D 2015, Understanding cancer onset. ResearchSEA. <https://issuu.com/asiaresearchnews/docs/asia_research_news_2015>

Bødker, S 2015, Understanding computer applications in use: A human activity analysis. in Signs of Work: Semiosis and Information Processing in Organisations. Walter de Gruyter GmbH and Co. KG, pp. 325-348. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110819014-012

Jacobsen, L , Sørensen, BT , Tudoran, AA & Lähteenmäki, L 2015, 'Understanding consumer motivations for interacting in online food communities – potential for innovation', European Association of Agricultural Economists, Naples, Italy, 25/03/2015 - 27/03/2015.

Baron, N & Petersen, LK 2015, 'Understanding Controversies in Urban Climate Change Adaptation: A case study of the role of homeowners in the process of climate change adaptation in Copenhagen', Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 4-13.

Werner, M, Skjoth, CA, Kryza, M & Dore, AJ 2015, 'Understanding emissions of ammonia from buildings and the application of fertilizers: an example from Poland', Biogeosciences, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 3623-3638. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3623-2015

Merrild, CH 2015, 'Understanding healthcare seeking practices in two different social classes; an exploration into social inequality in cancer survival.', Nordic Congress of General Practice, Göteborg, Sweden, 16/06/2015.

Brughmans, T, Keay, S & Earl, G 2015, 'Understanding Inter-settlement Visibility in Iron Age and Roman Southern Spain with Exponential Random Graph Models for Visibility Networks', Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 22, pp. 58-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-014-9231-x

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