Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Nielsen, LDF 2019, 'Development of Small Molecule Sensors for Point-of-Care Testing'.

Knudsen, SW, Agersnap, S, Moller, PR & Andersen, J 2019, Development of species-specific eDNA-based test systems for monitoring of freshwater crayfish.

Lindenberg, F, Krych, L, Kot, W, Fielden, J, Frøkiær, H, van Galen, G, Nielsen, DS & Hansen, AK 2019, 'Development of the equine gut microbiota', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 14427. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50563-9

Bennike, O, Nørgaard-Pedersen, N, Jensen, JB, Andresen, KJ & Seidenkrantz, M-S 2019, 'Development of the western Limfjord, Denmark, after the last deglaciation: a review with new data', Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, vol. 67, pp. 53-73. <http://www.2dgf.dk/publikationer/bulletin>

Mitkidis, K 2019, Development of transnational contract law? in B Lemann Kristiansen, K Mitkidis, L Munkholm, L Neumann & C Pelaudeix (eds), Transnationalisation and Legal Actors: Legitimacy in Question. Routledge, pp. 97-111.

Keiding, U 2019, 'Development, optimization, and application of an assay, using ketogenesis as a biomarker for longevity'.

Jensen, JB 2019, 'Developments in bladder cancer: Open versus minilaparoscopy versus robot-assisted cystectomy', European Urology Today, pp. 29.

Kanareva-Dimitrovska, A 2019, 'Développer la capacité des apprenants à découvrir d’autres langues et cultures à travers la mobilité: L’outil pédagogique PluriMobil', Fransk nyt, vol. 2019, no. 276 (Fejlagtigt 275 på forsiden), pp. 14-15.

Severin-Nielsen, MK, Clement, SL & Shamshiri-Petersen, D 2019, 'Device-effekter i web surveys: Har variationer i brugen af PC, smartphone og tablet betydning for surveykvaliteten?', Metode & Forskningsdesign, pp. 1.

Santello, M, Chinello, F, Shibata, D & Prattichizzo, D, Device for providing cutaneous sensations to a fingertip, Patent No. US 2019/0227632 A1. <https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/1c/71/96/3203d5e463e1ce/US20190227632A1.pdf>

Deckers, PS 2019, De vroegmiddeleeuwse metaalvondsten. in S Diependaele (ed.), Oostburg Rioleringswerken 't Vestje Fasen 2, 3 en Herinrichting Centrumplan Fase 1. : Gemeente Sluis. Onderzoek naar resten van de ringwalburg in Oostburg. Artefact!, Zaamslag, pp. 171-176.

Valverde Pérez, B, Pape, ML, Kjeldgaard, AF, Zachariae, AA, Schneider, C, Hélix-Nielsen, C, Zarebska, A & Smets, BF 2019, 'Dewatering methanotrophic enrichments intended for single cell protein production using biomimetic aquaporin forward osmosis membranes', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 235, 116133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116133

Klitgaard, MB 2019, 'DF nedsmelter, hvis Thulesen Dahl ikke kan forarge eliten', Altinget.dk. <https://www.altinget.dk/artikel/michael-b-klitgaard-df-nedsmelter-hvis-thulesen-dahl-ikke-kan-forarge-eliten>

O'Reilly, S, Leonard, Y, Dasgupta, K & Maindal, HT 2019, 'Diabetes After Pregnancy prevention trials: systematic review for core outcome set development', 10th International DIP Symposium on Diabetes, Hypertension, Metabolic Syndrome & Pregnancy, Firenze, Italy, 29/05/2019 - 01/06/2019.

Hygum, K , Starup-Linde, J & Langdahl, BL 2019, 'Diabetes and bone', Osteoporosis and sarcopenia, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afos.2019.05.001

Bossen, LC , Dam, G , Vilstrup, HVA , Watson, HR & Jepsen, P 2019, 'Diabetes does not increase infection risk or mortality following an infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites', JHEP Reports, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.07.008

Maindal, HT & Aaby, ASE 2019, 'Diabetesforebyggelse og -behandling: kan indsatser overfor sundhedskompetence mindske uligheden?', BestPractice - Almen Praksis, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 26-28.

Christ-Crain, M, Bichet, DG, Fenske, WK, Goldman, MB, Rittig, S, Verbalis, JG & Verkman, AS 2019, 'Diabetes insipidus', Nature Reviews Disease primers, vol. 5, no. 1, 54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0103-2

Gundtoft, PH, Attrup, ML, Krog Kristensen, A, Vobbe, JW, Hölmich, P & Sørensen, L 2019, 'Diabetes mellitus affect the prognosis of frozen shoulder: a 2 year follow-up study', British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 53, no. Suppl. 1. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-scandinavianabs.33

Strand-Holm, KM , Fuglsang, J , Ovesen, PG & Maimburg, RD 2019, 'Diabetes mellitus and lower genital tract tears after vaginal birth: a cohort study', Midwifery, vol. 69, pp. 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.11.010

Olesen, KKW , Madsen, M , Gyldenkerne, C , Thrane, PG , Würtz, M , Thim, T, Jensen, LO, Eikelboom, J, Bøtker, HE , Sørensen, HT & Maeng, M 2019, 'Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease', Stroke, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 3347-3354. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.026099

Warren, AM, Knudsen, ST & Cooper, ME 2019, 'Diabetic nephropathy: an insight into molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies', Expert Opinion On Therapeutic Targets, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 579-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2019.1624721

Madsen, LR , Bek, T & Richelsen, B 2019, 'Diabetic retinopathy in people with Type 2 diabetes and obesity treated by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared with non-operated controls: with focus on the role of diabetes remission in a cross-sectional and a 6-year follow-up study', Diabetic Medicine, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 457-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13876

Kristensen, MB & Bertelsen, BM 2019, 'Diætbehandling som et led i hjerterehabiliteringen: Fra National Klinisk Retningslinje til klinisk praksis', Diætisten, vol. 27, no. 157, pp. 29-31. <https://kost.dk/sites/default/files/2021-03/Di%C3%A6tisten%20nr%20157%20feb.pdf>

Christensen, KS , Oernboel, E , Nielsen, MG & Bech, P 2019, 'Diagnosing depression in primary care: a Rasch analysis of the major depression inventory', Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2019.1568703

Mutombo, PN, Man, NWY, Nejsum, P, Ricketson, R, Gordon, CA, Robertson, G, Clements, ACA, Chacón-Fonseca, N, Nissapatorn, V, Webster, JP & McLaws, M-L 2019, Diagnosis and drug resistance of human soil-transmitted helminth infections: A public health perspective. in D Rollinson & JR Stothard (eds), Advances in Parasitology. Elsevier, Advances in Parasitology, vol. 104, pp. 247-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.004

Haase, R, Schlattmann, P, Gueret, P, Andreini, D, Pontone, G, Alkadhi, H, Hausleiter, J, Garcia, MJ, Leschka, S, Meijboom, WB, Zimmermann, E, Gerber, B, Schoepf, UJ, Shabestari, AA, Nørgaard, BL, Meijs, MFL, Sato, A, Ovrehus, KA, Diederichsen, ACP, Jenkins, SMM, Knuuti, J, Hamdan, A, Halvorsen, BA, Mendoza-Rodriguez, V, Rochitte, CE, Rixe, J, Wan, YL, Langer, C, Bettencourt, N, Martuscelli, E, Ghostine, S, Buechel, RR, Nikolaou, K, Mickley, H, Yang, L, Zhang, Z, Chen, MY, Halon, DA, Rief, M, Sun, K, Hirt-Moch, B, Niinuma, H, Marcus, RP, Muraglia, S, Jakamy, R, Chow, BJ, Kaufmann, PA, Tardif, J-C, Nomura, C, Kofoed, KF & COME-CCT Consortium 2019, 'Diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease using computed tomography angiography in patients with stable chest pain depending on clinical probability and in clinically important subgroups: meta-analysis of individual patient data', BMJ, vol. 365, l1945. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1945

Minchiotti, L, Caridi, G, Campagnoli, M, Lugani, F, Galliano, M & Kragh-Hansen, U 2019, 'Diagnosis, Phenotype, and Molecular Genetics of Congenital Analbuminemia', Frontiers in Genetics, vol. 10, no. MAR, 336. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00336

Kvist, LM, Vinter, N , Urbonaviciene, G , Lindholt, JS, Diederichsen, ACP & Frost, L 2019, 'Diagnostic accuracies of screening for atrial fibrillation by cardiac nurses versus radiographers', Open Heart, vol. 6, no. 1, e000942. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000942

Grode, LB, Jensen, TM, Parkner, T , Agerholm, IE , Humaidan, P , Bech, BH & Ramlau-Hansen, C 2019, 'Diagnostic Accuracy of a Point-of-Care Test for Celiac Disease Antibody Screening among Infertile Patients', Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501520

Kruse, C , Spin-Neto, R , Kraft, DCE , Vaeth, M & Kirkevang, L-L 2019, 'Diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography used for assessment of apical periodontitis: an ex vivo histopathological study on human cadavers', International Endodontic Journal, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 439-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13020

Kruse, C , Spin-Neto, R , Kraft, DCE , Væth, M & Kirkevang, L-L 2019, 'Diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography used for diagnosis of apical periodontitis using histopathology of ex-vivo human jaws as reference standard', 19th Biennial ESE Congress, Wien, Austria, 12/09/2019 - 14/09/2019. <https://www.e-s-e.eu/our-events/past-biennial-congresses/>

Johnsen, B , Pugdahl, K , Fuglsang-Frederiksen, A, Kollewe, K, Paracka, L, Dengler, R, Camdessanché, JP, Nix, W, Liguori, R, Schofield, I, Maderna, L, Czell, D, Neuwirth, C, Weber, M, Drory, VE, Abraham, A, Swash, M & de Carvalho, M 2019, 'Diagnostic criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A multicentre study of inter-rater variation and sensitivity', Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.11.021

Walsh, SLF, Lederer, DJ, Ryerson, CJ, Kolb, M, Maher, TM, Nusser, R, Poletti, V, Richeldi, L, Vancheri, C, Wilsher, ML, Antoniou, KM, Behr, J, Bendstrup, E, Brown, KK, Corte, TJ, Cottin, V, Crestani, B, Flaherty, KR, Glaspole, IN, Grutters, J, Inoue, Y, Kondoh, Y, Kreuter, M, Johannson, KA, Ley, B, Martinez, FJ, Molina-Molina, M, Morais, A, Nunes, H, Raghu, G, Selman, M, Spagnolo, P, Taniguchi, H, Tomassetti, S, Valeyre, D, Wijsenbeek, M, Wuyts, WA & Wells, AU 2019, 'Diagnostic likelihood thresholds that define a working diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 200, no. 9, pp. 1146-1153. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201903-0493OC

Westra, J, Tu, S, Campo, G, Qiao, S, Matsuo, H, Qu, X, Koltowski, L, Chang, Y, Liu, T, Yang, J, Andersen, BK , Eftekhari, A , Christiansen, EH, Escaned, J, Wijns, W, Xu, B & Holm, NR 2019, 'Diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio in prospectively enrolled patients: An individual patient-data meta-analysis', Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28283

Bridel, C, van Wieringen, WN, Zetterberg, H, Tijms, BM, Teunissen, CE & the NFL Group 2019, 'Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis', J A M A Neurology, vol. 76, no. 9, pp. 1035-1048. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1534

Riishede, M, Laursen, CB, Teglbjærg, LS, Rancinger, E, Pedersen, PB, Luef, SM, Clausen, JH, Graumann, O, Lassen, AT & Baatrup, G 2019, 'Diagnostic value of whole-body-focused ultrasonography in high-acuity patients in the emergency department: a prospective single-center cross-sectional study', The Ultrasound Journal, vol. 11, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13089-019-0126-7

Ravaglia, C, Wells, AU, Tomassetti, S, Gurioli, C, Gurioli, C, Dubini, A, Cavazza, A, Colby, TV, Piciucchi, S, Puglisi, S, Bosi, M & Poletti, V 2019, 'Diagnostic yield and risk/benefit analysis of trans-bronchial lung cryobiopsy in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases: A large cohort of 699 patients', BMC Pulmonary Medicine, vol. 19, no. 1, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0780-3

Bach Justesen, A, Foged, MT, Fabricius, M, Skaarup, C, Hamrouni, N, Martens, T, Paulson, OB, Pinborg, LH & Beniczky, S 2019, 'Diagnostic yield of high-density versus low-density EEG: The effect of spatial sampling, timing and duration of recording', Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 130, no. 11, pp. 2060-2064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.007

Thorlacius-Ussing, L, Jørgensen, NP, Smit, J, Madsen, BL, Søborg, C, Johansen, IS, Gerstoft, J, Jensen, J, Østergaard, L, Wiese, L, Mohey, R & Benfield, T 2019, 'Diagnostik og behandling af Staphylococcus aureus-bakteriæmi', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, no. 13, V01190010, pp. 2-6. <https://ugeskriftet.dk/videnskab/diagnostik-og-behandling-af-staphylococcus-aureus-bakteriaemi>

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Du, B, Tang, C, Zhao, D, Zhang, H, Yu, D, Yu, M, Balram, KC, Gersen, H, Yang, B, Cao, W, Gu, C, Besenbacher, F, Li, J & Sun, Y 2019, 'Diameter-optimized high-order waveguide nanorods for fluorescence enhancement applied in ultrasensitive bioassays', Nanoscale, vol. 11, no. 30, pp. 14322-14329. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr02330e

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