Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Li, Y, Fan, J, Ovchinnikov, G & Karras, P 2019, Maximizing multifaceted network influence. in Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 35th International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2019., 8731520, IEEE, Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Engineering, vol. 2019 April, pp. 446-457, 35th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2019, Macau, China, 08/04/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE.2019.00047

Liu, J, Champer, J, Langmüller, AM, Liu, C, Chung, J, Reeves, R, Luthra, A, Lee, YL, Vaughn, AH, Clark, AG & Messer, PW 2019, 'Maximum likelihood estimation of fitness components in experimental evolution', Genetics, vol. 211, no. 3, pp. 1005-1017. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301893

Dabrowska, M, Sørensen, A & Pletzing, C (ed.) 2019, May 1945: Liberation or Occupation? in Baltic Sea History: New Perspectives on the History of the Baltic Sea Region. Academia Baltica, Tartu. <http://bsh.oncampus.de/loop/May_1945:_Liberation_or_Occupation%3F>

Beach, D 2019, 'May insisterer på at føre Storbritannien mod afgrunden', RÆSON. <https://www.raeson.dk/2019/professor-derek-beach-may-insisterer-paa-at-foere-storbritannien-mod-afgrunden/>

Mishra, SR, Shrestha, N, Poudyal, IP, Malla, M, Gyawali, B , Shrestha, AD, Pokharel, S, Gyawali, M, Sapkota, S, Bhattarai, H, Dhakal, L, Soti, PB, Ghimire, S, Paudel, R, Xia, X, Beaney, T, Koirala, S, Olsen, MH, Poulter, NR, Kallestrup, P & Neupane, D 2019, 'May Measurement Month 2017: an analysis of blood pressure screening results in Nepal-South Asia', European Heart Journal Supplements, vol. 21, no. Suppl D, pp. D83-D85. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suz063

Beaney, T, Burrell, LM, Castillo, RR, Charchar, FJ, Cro, S, Damasceno, A, Kruger, R, Nilsson, PM, Prabhakaran, D, Ramirez, AJ, Schlaich, MP, Schutte, AE, Tomaszewski, M, Touyz, R, Wang, J-G, Weber, MA, Poulter, NR & MMM Investigators 2019, 'May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension', European Heart Journal, vol. 40, no. 25, pp. 2006-2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz300

Nielsen, K 2019, 'McMindfulness in the Era of Accelatered Life', International Society for Theoretical Psychology (ISTP), Copenhagen 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19/08/2019 - 23/08/2019.

Johansen, TS 2019, McPhee og Zaugs fire kommunikationsstrømme. in P Krogh Hansen & M Wolff Lundholt (eds), Kommunikationsmodeller. Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg, pp. 202-205.

Pakyari, H, Pilefroshha, A, Arbab, A & Enkegaard, A 2019, 'Mealybug avoidance responses to ladybird semiochemicals', Biocontrol Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 59-67 . https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2018.1525485

Haase, LM & Laursen, LN 2019, 'Meaning Frames: The Structure of Problem Frames and Solution Frames', Design Issues, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00547

Rieckmann, A, Hærskjold, A, Benn, CS, Aaby, P, Lange, T & Sørup, S 2019, 'Measles, mumps and rubella vs diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis-inactivated-polio-Haemophilus influenzae type b as the most recent vaccine and risk of early 'childhood asthma'', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2026-2038. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz062

Løvvik Juul-Dam, K , Guldborg Nyvold, C, Vålerhaugen, H, Zeller, B, Lausen, B, Hasle, H & Beier Ommen, H 2019, 'Measurable residual disease monitoring using Wilms tumor gene 1 expression in childhood acute myeloid leukemia based on child-specific reference values', Pediatric Blood and Cancer, vol. 66, no. 6, e27671. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27671

Ismail, H, Helby, J, Hölmich, LR, Chakera, AH, Bastholt, L, Klyver, H, Sjøgren, P , Schmidt, H, Schöllhammer, L, Johansen, JS, Nordestgaard, BG & Bojesen, SE 2019, 'Measured and genetically predicted plasma YKL-40 levels and melanoma mortality', European Journal of Cancer, vol. 121, pp. 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.08.025

Nielsen, K & Klitmøller, J 2019, 'Measured Lives in Educational Psychology', International Society for Theoretical Psychology (ISTP), Copenhagen 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19/08/2019 - 23/08/2019.

Shi, MW, Thomas, SP , Hathwar, VR, Edwards, AJ, Piltz, RO, Jayatilaka, D, Koutsantonis, GA, Overgaard, J, Nishibori, E, Iversen, BB & Spackman, MA 2019, 'Measurement of Electric Fields Experienced by Urea Guest Molecules in the 18-Crown-6/Urea (1:5) Host-Guest Complex: An Experimental Reference Point for Electric-Field-Assisted Catalysis', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 141, no. 9, pp. 3965-3976. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b12927

Kirsebom, OS, Hukkanen, M, Kankainen, A, Trzaska, WH, Stroemberg, DF, Martinez-Pined, G, Andersen, K, Bodewits, E, Brown, BA, Canete, L, Cederkall, J, Enqvist, T, Eronen, T, Fynbo, HOU, Geldhof, S, de Groote, R, Jenkins, DG, Jokinen, A, Joshi, P, Khanam, A, Kostensalo, J, Kuusiniemi, P, Langanke, K, Moore, D, Munch, M, Nesterenko, DA, Ovejas, JD, Penalla, H, Pohjalainen, L, Reponen, M, Rinta-Antila, S, Riisager, K, de Roubin, A, Schotanus, P, Srivastava, PC, Suhonen, J, Swartz, JA, Tengblad, O, Vilen, M, Vinals, S & Aysto, J 2019, 'Measurement of the 2⁺ -> 0⁺ ground-state transition in the beta decay of ²⁰F', Physical Review C, vol. 100, no. 6, 065805. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.065805

Dass, R, Corlianò, E & Mulder, FAA 2019, 'Measurement of Very Fast Exchange Rates of Individual Amide Protons in Proteins by NMR Spectroscopy', ChemPhysChem, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201801044

Sjö, NM , Bleses, D, Dybdal, L, Nielsen, H, Sehested, K, Kirkeby, H, Kreiner, S & Jensen, P 2019, 'Measurement Pproperties of the SEAM questionnaire using rasch analysis on data from a representative danish sample of 0- to 6-year-olds', Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 320-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282917746250

Trolle, N & Christiansen, DH 2019, 'Measurement properties of the Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire for physical activity in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome', Patient Related Outcome Measures, vol. 10, pp. 83-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/PROM.S191782

Jørgensen, CJ & Christiansen, JR 2019, 'Measurements of subglacial methane emissions using a low-cost / low-power metal oxide sensor system'.

Hagen, E, Sømhovd, M, Hesse, M, Arnevik, EA & Erga, AH 2019, 'Measuring cognitive impairment in young adults with polysubstance use disorder with MoCA or BRIEF-A - The significance of psychiatric symptoms', Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, vol. 97, pp. 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.11.010

Collins, J, Regenbrecht, H, Langlotz, T, Can, YS, Ersoy, C & Butson, R 2019, Measuring cognitive load and insight: A methodology exemplified in a virtual reality learning context. in Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR 2019., 8943688, IEEE, pp. 351-362, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR 2019, Beijing, China, 14/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2019.00033

Palmén, R, Kalpazidou Schmidt, E, Striebing, C, Reidl, S, Bührer, S & Groó, D 2019, 'Measuring gender in R&I–theories, methods, and experience', Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2019.1603873

Van Criekingen, K , Bloch, CW & Eklund, CM 2019, Measuring Intangible Assets: A Review of the State of the Art. Globalinto, S.l.

Lee, S, Haime, A & Stevenson, R 2019, 'Measuring Knowledge of Parties' Legislative Seat Shares', Political Science Research and Methods, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.31

Koushede, V, Lasgaard, M, Hinrichsen, C, Meilstrup, C, Nielsen, L, Rayce, SB, Torres-Sahli, M, Gudmundsdottir, DG, Stewart-Brown, S & Santini, ZI 2019, 'Measuring mental well-being in Denmark: Validation of the original and short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS and SWEMWBS) and cross-cultural comparison across four European settings', Psychiatry Research, vol. 271, pp. 502-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.003

Soendergaard, PL, Siert, L, Poulsen, I, Wood, RL & Norup, A 2019, 'Measuring Neurobehavioral Deficits among Severe Brain Injury Survivors: Reports of Survivors and Proxies in the Chronic Phase', pp. 30-30.

Søndergaard, PL, Siert, L, Poulsen, I, Wood, RL & Norup, A 2019, 'Measuring Neurobehavioral Disabilities Among Severe Brain Injury Survivors: Reports of Survivors and Proxies in the Chronic Phase', Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 10, no. FEB, 51. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00051

Ryom, K, Melby, PS, Elsborg, P, Bentsen, P & Maindal, HT 2019, 'Measuring physical in adults: a scoping review', HEPA, 28/08/2019 - 30/08/2019.

Teorell, J, Coppedge, M, Lindberg, S & Skaaning, S-E 2019, 'Measuring Polyarchy across the Globe, 1900-2017', Studies in Comparative International Development, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 71-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-018-9268-z

Bertram, HCS 2019, Meat Structure During Processing. in L Melton, F Shahidi & P Varelis (eds), Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry. vol. 3, Elsevier, pp. 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.21684-3

Zhao, J , Liao, D & Gregersen, H 2019, 'Mechanical analysis of intestinal contractility in a neonatal maternal deprivation irritable bowel syndrome rat model', Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 93, pp. 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.005

Maike Herla, Böning, K, Meißner, H & Kresse-Walczak, KJ 2019, 'Mechanical and Surface Properties of Resilient Denture Liners Modified with Chitosan Salts', Materials.

Kunrath, K, Kerche, EF, Rezende, MC & Amico, SC 2019, 'Mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties of hybrid graphene/glass fiber/epoxy composite', Polymers and Polymer Composites, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 262-267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391119828559

Hansen, OH, Hvid, LG, Aagaard, P & Jensen, K 2019, 'Mechanical lower limb muscle function and its association with performance in elite team gymnasts', Science of Gymnastics Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 163-174.

Rindom, E 2019, 'Mechanically induced anabolic signaling in skeletal muscle'.

Simonsen, JK , Holck, EN, Carrié, D, Frey, N, Lutz, M, Weber-Albers, J, Dudek, D, Chevalier, B, Daemen, J, Dijkstra, J, Fox Maule, C , Neghabat, O , Lassen, JF, Anderson, J, Christiansen, EH, Abizaid, A & Holm, NR 2019, 'Mechanical performance and healing patterns of the novel sirolimus-eluting bioresorbable Fantom scaffold: 6-month and 9-month follow-up by optical coherence tomography in the FANTOM II study', Open Heart, vol. 6, no. 1, e000941, pp. e000941. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000941

Wang, J, Dong, S, Yu, X & Han, B 2019, 'Mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced reactive powder concrete at different strain rates.', Journal of Materials Science, vol. 55, pp. 3369–3387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04246-5

Honda, M, Iida, T, Kamiyama, H, Masuda, M, Kawara, M, Svensson, P & Komiyama, O 2019, 'Mechanical sensitivity and psychological factors in patients with burning mouth syndrome', Clinical Oral Investigations, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 757-762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2488-9

Heide-Jørgensen, S 2019, 'Mechanics and Failure of Structured Interfaces'. https://doi.org/10.7146/aulsps-e.339

Liu, C, Ma, F, Elm, J, Fu, Z, Tang, W, Chen, J & Xie, HB 2019, 'Mechanism and predictive model development of reaction rate constants for N-center radicals with O₂', Chemosphere, vol. 237, 124411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124411

Cunha, PP, Martins, AA, Gomes, A, Stokes, M, Cabral, J, Lopes, FC, Pereira, D, de Vicente, G, Buylaert, JP , Murray, AS & Antón, L 2019, 'Mechanisms and age estimates of continental-scale endorheic to exorheic drainage transition: Douro River, Western Iberia', Global and Planetary Change, vol. 181, 102985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.102985

Oberem, E, Roesel, AF, Rosas-Hernández, A, Kull, T, Fischer, S, Spannenberg, A, Junge, H, Beller, M, Ludwig, R, Roemelt, M & Francke, R 2019, 'Mechanistic Insights into the Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂ Catalyzed by Iron Cyclopentadienone Complexes', Organometallics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1236-1247. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00517

Gyldengren, JG 2019, 'Mechanistic modelling to assess agronomic and environmental effects of precision agriculture technology in Denmark - possibilities and challenges'.

Østerstrøm, FF, Andersen, C & Da Silva, G 2019, 'Mechanistic study of the reaction of CH₂F₂ with Cl atoms in the absence and presence of CH₄ or C₂H₆: Decomposition of CHF₂OH and fate of the CHF₂O radical', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 21, no. 18, pp. 9376-9383. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06425c

Gao, L, Minakata, D, Wei, Z, Spinney, R, Dionysiou, DD, Tang, CJ, Chai, L & Xiao, R 2019, 'Mechanistic study on the role of soluble microbial products in sulfate radical‒mediated degradation of pharmaceuticals', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 342-353. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05129

Mohammad-Beigi, H, Hosseini, A, Adeli, M, Ejtehadi, MR, Christiansen, G , Sahin, C, Tu, Z, Tavakol, M, Dilmaghani-Marand, A, Nabipour, I, Farzadfar, F, Otzen, DE, Mahmoudi, M & Hajipour, MJ 2019, 'Mechanistic Understanding of the Interactions between Nano-Objects with Different Surface Properties and α-Synuclein', ACS Nano, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 3243-3256. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b08983

Timany, A & Birkedal, L 2019, 'Mechanized relational verification of concurrent programs with continuations', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 3, no. ICFP, 105, pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3341709

Huot, J, Cuevas, F, Deledda, S, Edalati, K, Filinchuk, Y, Grosdidier, T, Hauback, BC, Heere, M, Jensen, TR, Latroche, M & Sartori, S 2019, 'Mechanochemistry of Metal Hydrides: Recent Advances', Materials, vol. 12, no. 17, 2778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172778

Deckers, PS & Nolet, K 2019, 'MEDEA: een unieke samenwerking voor metaaldetectievondsten', Ikke-valideret tidsskrift, vol. 1, pp. 43-49.

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