Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Thirup, L, Skytte, A-B, Kesmodel, US , Vogel, I, Pennings, G, Pacey, A & Lou, S 2025, 'Coping with rejection as a sperm donor: A qualitative study of the personal impact of rejection and new health information', PLoS One, vol. 20, no. 12 December, e0338513. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338513

Bertelsen, AD , Klemmt, R , Kolding, KN , Bøjesen, ED & Iversen, BB 2025, 'Copper-Rich Pd_xCu_1–xAlloy Nanoparticles as Catalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 37, no. 17, pp. 6619-6628. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c01148

Baillie, J, Bonner, A, Guillouet, S, Mikut, C, Punzalan, S, Kaczmarek, A, Wenzyl, LC & Finderup, J 2025, 'Co-Producing Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Sensitive Indicators for Quality Care: A Multinational Consensus Building Design', Journal of Renal Care, vol. 51, no. 1, 70008. https://doi.org/10.1111/jorc.70008

Eklund, MV , Hansen, J , Hammer, A , O'Connor, M, Prinds, C & Hvidtjoern, D 2025, 'Core values in midwifery - intensified and deepened: A qualitative study of midwives' experience of meaning when working in a specialised unit for late pregnancy loss', Midwifery, vol. 148, 104515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2025.104515

Damgaard, IB , Ivarsen, A , Hjortdal, J, Bach-Holm, D & Telinius, N 2025, 'Corneal decompensation after PreserFlo Microshunt surgery', Acta Ophthalmologica, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. e342-e343. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17472

Vabres, B, Pleyer, U, Hjortdal, J, Murphy, CC, Armitage, WJ, Imrie, L, Cadoux, M, Danger, R, Bylesjo, M, Mac Gabhann, P, Tole, D, Walkinshaw, MD, Griffin, MD, Brouard, S & Degauque, N 2025, 'Corneal Graft Rejection: Is it Reflected in Peripheral Immune Cells? Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study (VISICORT)', Transplantation, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 794-805. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000005280

Prado, P, Silveira, R, Gimenes, F, Vettore, M & Fossum, M 2025, 'Corneal injury in critically ill sedated and mechanically ventilated patients: Reflections on a meta-analysis – Response to Xu and Long et al.', Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol. 90, 104093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2025.104093

Zinglersen, L, Zinglersen, AH, Myhr, KA, Hermansen, ML, Kofoed, KF, Fuchs, A, Diederichsen, LP & Jacobsen, S 2025, 'Coronary artery calcification progression and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal cohort study', Rheumatology International, vol. 45, no. 1, 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-025-05785-8

Anker, N, Olesen, KKW , Thrane, PG , Gyldenkerne, C , Mortensen, MB , Nielsen, RR , Løgstrup, BB , Würtz, M , Nielsen, JC & Maeng, M 2025, 'Coronary Artery Disease Doubles Excess Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 14, no. 9, e037915. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.124.037915

Behnes, M, Schmidberger, M, Mashayekhi, K, Vadalà, G, Moroni, A, Guiterrez-Chico, JL, Ayoub, M, Christiansen, EH, Pyxaras, S, Bufe, A, Krötz, F, Schmitt, A, Lau, F, Reinhardt, M, Forner, J, Dudda, J, Abel, N, Hoepfner, MK, Aubel, C, Abumayyaleh, M, Weidner, K, Akin, I & Schupp, T 2025, 'Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions Affect Long-Term Prognosis in Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 14, no. 17, e042368. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.125.042368

Jensen, RV , Jensen, JM, Iraqi, N, Grove, EL , Mathiassen, ON, Pedersen, KB, Parner, E, Leipsic, J, Terkelsen, CJ & Nørgaard, BL 2025, 'Coronary CT angiography instead of invasive angiography before TAVI: Feasibility and outcomes', International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 419, 132694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132694

Iraqi, N 2025, 'Coronary CT derived quantitative plaque and fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) assessment in patients with stable coronary artery disease: A methodological and clinical evaluation', PhD, Aarhus University.

Westra, J , Rasmussen, LD , Karim, SR, Jensen, RV, Ejlersen, JA, Gormsen, LC , Bøttcher, M, Eftekhari, A, Winther, S & Christiansen, EH 2025, 'Coronary microvascular disease in patients referred to coronary angiography following coronary computed tomography angiography', EuroIntervention, vol. 21, no. 17, pp. e1005-e1014. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-24-01155

Andersen, BK , Holm, NR , Mogensen, LJH, Maillard, L, Råmunddal, T, Erriquez, A, Christiansen, EH & Escaned, J 2025, 'Coronary revascularisation deferral based on quantitative flow ratio or fractional flow reserve: a post hoc analysis of the FAVOR III Europe trial', EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. e161-e170. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-24-01001

Christiansen, CO 2025, "Corporate Citizens" bei den Vereinten Nationen: Die GEP-Anhörungen von 1973 und der neue Geist der multinationalen Unternehmen. in S Berger & A Przyrembel (eds), Moralisierung des Kapitalismus: Akteure und Akteurinnen, Diskurse und Praktiken von Kapitalismus und Anti-Kapitalismus in der Moderne. Springer, Cham, pp. 85-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51270-4_4

Zhao, H & Wang, Y 2025, Corporate Sociopolitical Advocacy and News Media Framing: FIFA’s Qatar 2022 Controversies. in Communicating in the Face of Global Crises: Organization, Strategy, and ‘Doing the Right Thing’. Routledge, New York, pp. 141-162. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003605720-11

Sørensen, KE 2025, Corporate sustainability due diligence and the involvement of stakeholders. in HS Birkmose & KE Sørensen (eds), Stakeholder engagement in European companies: Company Law Perspectives. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 215-238. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035356829.00018

Vohnsen, NH 2025, 'Corporate Utopia: the tech elite's visions and the crises of democratic problem-solving', Journal of Business Anthropology, vol. 13, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v13i2.7141

Cai, N, Verhulst, B, Andreassen, OA, Buitelaar, J, Edenberg, HJ, Hettema, JM, Gandal, M, Grotzinger, A, Jonas, K, Lee, P, Mallard, TT, Mattheisen, M, Neale, MC, Nurnberger, JI, Peyrot, WJ, Tucker-Drob, EM, Smoller, JW & Kendler, KS 2025, 'Correction: Assessment and ascertainment in psychiatric molecular genetics: challenges and opportunities for cross-disorder research (Molecular Psychiatry, (2025), 30, 4, (1627-1638), 10.1038/s41380-024-02878-x)', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1715. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-02914-4

Skovbjerg, CK, Sarup, P, Wahlström, E, Jensen, JD, Orabi, J, Olesen, L, Jensen, J, Jahoor, A & Ramstein, G 2025, 'Correction: Multi-population GWAS detects robust marker associations in a newly established six-rowed winter barley breeding program (Heredity, (2025), 134, 1, (33-48), 10.1038/s41437-024-00733-x)', Heredity, vol. 134, no. 3, pp. 248-249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-025-00751-3

Grumati, P, Morozzi, G, Hölper, S, Mari, M, Harwardt, M-LIE, Yan, R, Müller, S, Reggiori, F, Heilemann, M & Dikic, I 2025, 'Correction: Full length RTN3 regulates turnover of tubular endoplasmic reticulum via selective autophagy', eLife, vol. 14. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.107151

Goldstein, J , Bisbo, N , Funch, P, Daugaard, ND, Larsen, PS, Brewer, JR & Riisgård, HU 2025, 'Correction: Aquiferous system, filtration rates and hydrodynamics of the syconoid calcareous sponge Urna sp. (Marine Biology, (2024), 171, 11, (216), 10.1007/s00227-024-04532-0)', Marine Biology, vol. 172, no. 8, 120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-025-04689-2

Ignarski, M, Rill, C, Kaiser, RWJ, Kaldirim, M, Neuhaus, R, Esmaillie, R, Li, X, Klein, C, Bohl, K, Petersen, M, Frese, CK, Höhne, M, Atanassov, I, Rinschen, MM, Höpker, K, Schermer, B, Benzing, T, Dieterich, C, Fabretti, F & Müller, RU 2025, 'Correction: The RNA-Protein Interactome of Differentiated Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells (J Am Soc Nephrol (2019) 30:4 (564–576) DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2018090914)', Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1456. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.0000000737

Sorbye, H, Hjortland, GO, Vestermark, LW, Ladekarl, M, Svensson, J, Sundlöv, A, Janson, ET, Garresori, H, Hofsli, E, Kersten, C, Elvebakken, H, Pfeiffer, P, Morken, S, Assmus, J, Lothe, IMB, Tabaksblat, E, Knigge, U, Couvelard, A, Perren, A & Langer, SW 2025, 'Correction to: Characteristics and treatment outcome in a prospective cohort of 639 advanced high-grade digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms (NET G3 and NEC). The NORDIC NEC 2 study (British Journal of Cancer, (2025), 133, 3, (316-324), 10.1038/s41416-025-03054-w)', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 133, no. 3, 420. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03095-1

Aspelund, SG, Halldorsdottir, T, Agustsson, G, Tobin, HRS, Wu, LM , Amidi, A, Johannsdottir, KR, Lutgendorf, SK, Telles, R, Daly, HF, Sigurdardottir, K, Valdimarsdottir, HB & Baldursdottir, B 2025, 'Correction to: Biological and psychological predictors of cognitive function in breast cancer patients before surgery (Supportive Care in Cancer, (2024), 32, 1, (88), 10.1007/s00520-023-08282-5)', Supportive Care in Cancer, vol. 33, no. 5, 378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-09433-6

Sandroff, BM, Motl, RW, Hernandez, RS, Amato, MP, Brichetto, G, Chataway, J, Chiaravalloti, ND, Cutter, GR, Dalgas, U, DeLuca, J, Farrell, R, Feys, P, Filippi, M, Freeman, J, Inglese, M, Meza, C, Rocca, MA, Salter, A & Feinstein, A 2025, 'Correlates of Processing Speed Change With Combined Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exercise in Progressive MS: Secondary Analysis of the CogEx Trial', Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 499-514. https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683251331586

Thygesen, MV, Strandhave, C, Kiib, JM, Berg, R, Andersen, MS, Dall, EB, Hornstrup, BG, Østergaard, HC, Mose, FH, Gregersen, JW, Jensen-Fangel, S , Bech, JN , Birn, H , Thomsen, MK & Offersen, R 2025, 'Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients Following a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose', Vaccines, vol. 13, no. 8, 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080777

Scheftgen, AJ, Skarlupka, JH, Jewell, KA & Suen, G 2025, 'Correlating Feed Efficiency with Ruminal Bacterial, Fungal, and Archaeal Community Composition in Dairy Cows over Two Lactations', Dairy, vol. 6, no. 1, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy6010008

Skarlupka V, JH, Cox, MS, Steinberger, AJ, Sbardellati, DL, Scheftgen, AJ, Zuniga-Chaves, I, Paget, E, Skadron, C, Attipetty, N, McClure, JC, Bickhart, DM & Suen, G 2025, 'Correlating the oral swab microbial community with milk production metrics in Holstein dairy cows', mSphere, vol. 10, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00167-25

Janewithayapun, R, Cousin, F, de Moura Pereira, PF, Herranz-Trillo, F, Terry, AE, Pedersen, JS, Jiménez-Quero, A & Ström, A 2025, 'Correlation between arabinose content and the conformation of arabinoxylan in water dispersions', Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 368, no. Part 2, 124082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124082

Modé, PD, Demartino, C, Lagaros, ND & Georgakis, CT 2025, Correlation between Predictability of Extreme Wind Speeds and Wind Directionality: A Preliminary Analysis. in ND Lagaros, RZ Alrousan, KM Abdalla, MC Phocas & GC Marano (eds), Proceedings of the International Conferences on Digital Technology Driven Engineering 2024 - 2nd International Conference on Optimization Driven Architectural Design, OPTARCH 2024. Springer, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol. 650 LNCE, pp. 284-294, 2nd International Conference on Optimization Driven Architectural Design, OPTARCH 2024, Amman, Jordan, 01/10/2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92754-6_27

Evans, DCS , Raittio, EJ , Lund, MB , Meyer, RL , Schlafer, S & Kristensen, MF 2025, 'Correlative imaging of extracellular DNA and pH at the microscale in the extracellular matrix of dental biofilms', Journal of Microbiological Methods, vol. 239, 107298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107298

Kristensen, MF , Schlafer, S , Meyer, RL , Lund, MB & Evans, DC 2025, 'Correlative imaging of pH and extracellular DNA in dental biofilms', Caries Research, vol. 59, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1159/000546564

Kristensen, MF , Schlafer, S , Meyer, RL , Lund, MB & Evans, DC 2025, 'Correlative imaging of pH and extracellular DNA in dental biofilms', ORCA: 72nd Congress of the European Organization for Caries Research, Leeds, United Kingdom, 01/07/2025 - 05/07/2025.

Luo, S & Wei, Z 2025, 'Correspondence on “Unveiling the Contribution of Hydrogen Radicals to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Defluorination: Applicability and Degradation Mechanisms”', Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 59, no. 15, pp. 7791-7793. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c01242

Høj, S & Meteran, H 2025, 'Correspondence regarding “Assessing the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses to common allergy myths”', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1240-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2025.02.021

Høj, S & Meteran, H 2025, 'Correspondence Regarding “Readability of Rhinology-Related Patient Education Materials Generated by Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots”', International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 568-569. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23585