Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Christensen, MK & Lund, O 2015, Talentudvikling - principper og praksisser. in L Rienecker & P Stray Jørgensen (eds), Universitetspædagogik for erfarne undervisere. 1 edn, Samfundslitteratur, pp. 241-256.

Croix, S, Knudsen, M, Pedersen, A, Pentz, P, Sindbæk, SM & Sørensen, AC 2015, Tales. in SM Sindbæk (ed.), Dragons of the Northern Seas: The Viking Age of Denmark. Liljebjerget, Ribe, pp. 31-93.

Andreassen, P , Neergaard, MA , Brogaard, T , Skorstengaard, MH & Jensen, AB 2015, 'Talking about sensitive topics during the advance care planning discussion: A peek into the black box', Palliative & Supportive Care, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1669-1676. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951515000577

Hansen, LE & Lindelof, AM 2015, 'Talking About Theatre: Audience Development Through Dialogue ', Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 234-253. <http://www.participations.org/Volume%2012/Issue%201/15.pdf>

Schilhab, T 2015, Tal med barnet – og se verden. <https://www.folkeskolen.dk/566120/tal-med-barnet--og-se-verden>

Kraglund, KL , Mortensen, JK , Grove, EL , Johnsen, SP & Andersen, G 2015, 'TALOS: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test the effects of citalopram in patients with acute stroke', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 985-987. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12485

Nielsen, K 2015, 'Tal til dem med håbets lyse stemme', Dansk Kirketidende, no. 4, pp. 6-9.

Nielsen, JB 2015, Tamper and leakage resilient von Neumann architectures from continuous non-malleable codes. in S Wolf & A Lehmann (eds), 8th International Conference on Information Theoretic Security, ICITS 2015. vol. 9063, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. XI-XII, 8th International Conference on Information Theoretic Security, ICITS 2015, Lugano, Switzerland, 02/05/2015.

Skydsgaard, MA 2015, Tandbørsten. in 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, 50 højdepunkter, vol. 3, pp. 111-116.

Sørensen, PA 2015, Tankens vingefang. in B Stoklund Larsen & P Aaboe Sørensen (eds), Kristendommens fornuft: Niels Grønkjær 60 år. 1 edn, Forlaget Anis, København, pp. 145-161.

Jung, HJ, Kim, S-Y, Choi, H-J, Park, E-J, Lim, J-S, Frøkiaer, J , Nielsen, S & Kwon, T-H 2015, 'Tankyrase-mediated β-catenin activity regulates vasopressin-induced AQP2 expression in kidney collecting duct mpkCCDc14 cells', American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology, vol. 308, no. 5, pp. F473-86. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00052.2014

Finnerup, NB & Attal, N 2015, 'Tapentadol prolonged release in the treatment of neuropathic pain related to diabetic polyneuropathy-Authors' reply', Lancet Neurology, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 685-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00060-5

Nørskov, N , Olsen, AV, Tjønneland, A, Bolvig, AK , Lærke, HN & Knudsen, KEB 2015, 'Targeted LC-MS/MS method for quantification of Plant Lignans and Enterolignans in Biofluids from Humans and Pigs', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 27, pp. 6283-6392. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01275

Holme, I , Wendt, T, Gil, J, Starker, CC, Voytas, DF & Brinch-Pedersen, H 2015, Targeted mutagenesis in barley. in Plant Biotech Denmark Annual Meeting 2015. pp. 22, Plant Biotech Denmark Annual Meeting 2015, København , Denmark, 28/01/2015. <http://plant-biotech.dk/annual_meeting/annual-meeting-2015/>

Hansen, L 2015, 'Targeted Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging of Cancer'.

Luo, Y , Lin, L , Golas, MM , Sørensen, CB & Bolund, L 2015, Targeted Porcine Genome Engineering with TALENs. in Somatic Genome Manipulation : Advances, Methods and Applications. Springer, pp. 17-33.

Rolighed, J, Ludvigsen, N, Kjær, H, Pedersen, CÅ, Kolind, S, Wiborg, IA & Blicher-Mathiesen, G 2015, 'Targeted regulation of agricultural N load to Danish marine waters', Land Use and Water Quality, Wien, Austria, 21/09/2015 - 24/09/2015. <http://web.natur.cuni.cz/luwq2015/download/LUWQ2015_Volume_of_abstracts_TOC-abstracts-AuthorIndex_UPDATE_for_web.pdf>

Rolighed, J, Ludvigsen, N, Kjær, H, Pedersen, CÅ, Kolind, S, Wiborg, IA & Blicher-Mathiesen, G 2015, 'Targeted regulation of agricultural N load to Danish marine waters', Science for the Environment, Aarhus, Denmark, 01/10/2015 - 02/10/2015. <http://dce-conference.au.dk/fileadmin/dce-conference.au.dk/Abstracts15/20_Rolighed.pdf>

Doan, NTQ, Paulsen, ES , Sehgal, P , Møller, JV , Nissen, P, Denmeade, SR, Isaacs, JT, Dionne, CA & Christensen, SB 2015, 'Targeting thapsigargin towards tumors', Steroids, vol. 97, pp. 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.009

Wittenborn, TR & Horsman, MR 2015, 'Targeting tumour hypoxia to improve outcome of stereotactic radiotherapy', Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1385-92. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1064162

Pettersen, EO, Ebbesen, P, Gieling, RG, Williams, KJ, Dubois, L, Lambin, P, Ward, C, Meehan, J, Kunkler, IH, Langdon, SP, Ree, AH, Flatmark, K, Lyng, H, Calzada, MJ, Peso, LD, Landazuri, MO, Görlach, A, Flamm, H, Kieninger, J, Urban, G, Weltin, A, Singleton, DC, Haider, S, Buffa, FM, Harris, AL, Scozzafava, A, Supuran, CT, Moser, I, Jobst, G, Busk, M , Toustrup, K , Overgaard, J , Alsner, J, Pouyssegur, J, Chiche, J, Mazure, N, Marchiq, I, Parks, S, Ahmed, A, Ashcroft, M, Pastorekova, S, Cao, Y, Rouschop, KM, Wouters, BG, Koritzinsky, M, Mujcic, H & Cojocari, D 2015, 'Targeting tumour hypoxia to prevent cancer metastasis. From biology, biosensing and technology to drug development: the METOXIA consortium', Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, pp. 689-721. https://doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2014.966704

Jensen, PK 2015, 'Target precision and biological efficacy of commercially available nozzles used for precision weed control', Precision Agriculture, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-015-9399-4

Højlund, S 2015, 'Taste as a Social Sense: Rethinking Taste as a Cultural Activity ', Flavour, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/2044-7248-4-6

Madsen, L 2015, 'Taxation of Partnerships - Legal general report for the Nordic Tax Research Council´s annual meeting on 22 May 2015 in Aarhus', Nordic Tax Journal, vol. 2015, no. 2, pp. 47-56. <http://doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2015-0005>

Jessen, PW 2015, Tax Issues of Cross-Border Disasters and Marine Accidents in International Waters: section 1: Cross-border disasters and EU State aid law issues. in M Basilavecchia, L del Federico & P Mastellone (eds), Tax implications of natural disasters and pollution. Wolters Kluwer , pp. 169-185.

Juggins, S, Simpson, GL & Telford, RJ 2015, 'Taxon selection using statistical learning techniques to improve transfer function prediction', The Holocene, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614556388

Scrivener, KL, Lothenbach, B, De Belie, N, Gruyaert, E, Skibsted, J, Snellings, R & Vollpracht, A 2015, 'TC 238-SCM: hydration and microstructure of concrete with SCMs: State of the art on methods to determine degree of reaction of SCMs', Materials and Structures, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 835-862. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0527-4

Fahleson, T, Kauczor, J, Norman, P, Santoro, F, Improta, R & Coriani, S 2015, 'TD-DFT Investigation of the Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Some Purine and Pyrimidine Bases of Nucleic Acids', Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory, vol. 119, pp. 5476–5489. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp512468k

Priestley, M, Biesta, G & Robinson, S 2015, Teacher agency: what is it and why does it matter? . in R Kneyber & J Evers (eds), Flip the System: Changing Education from the Bottom Up. Routledge, London, pp. 134-148.

Robinson, S, Priestley, M & Biesta, G 2015, Teacher agency: Een ecologische kijk op het handlingsvermogen van leranen. in R Kneyber & J Evers (eds), De ladder naar autonomie : Het Alternateif 2. Phronese, pp. 17-32.

Priestley, M, Biesta, G & Robinson, S 2015, Teacher Agency: An ecological approach. Bloomsbury Academic, London.

Petersen, KB & Saunders, P (eds) 2015, 'Teacher education in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world', Journal of the International Society for Teacher Education, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-111. <http://isfte.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/jiste-our-bi-annual-journal/journal-volumes/publicly-accessibly-abstracts-only/>

Wahlgren, B & Mariager-Anderson, K 2015, Teacher professionalisation and dropout rates in adult education. in EN von Rein, PR Adinarayana, S Lattke & DU Devi (eds), Facets of professionalization among adult education teachers: Eurasian perspectives. 1. edn, Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 230-244, ESREA-ASEM conference, Bonn, Germany, 01/11/2013.

Moos, L 2015, Teachers as leaders: reflections on leadership in teaching. in SG Huber (ed.), Schule gemeinsam gestalten - Entwicklung von Kompetenzen für pädagogische Führung: Beiträge zu Leadership in der Lehrerbildung. Waxmann Verlag, Münster, pp. 85-93.

Holm, L 2015, 'Teachers´constructions of multilingual students competence levels in literacy', NERA 2015, Gothenburg, Sweden, 03/03/2015 - 06/03/2015. <http://ips.gu.se/digitalAssets/1518/1518749_abstractbook-150303-v.2.pdf>

Jonasson, C, Mäkitalo, Å & Nielsen, K 2015, 'Teachers’ dilemmatic decision-making: Reconciling co-existing policies of increased student retention and performance', Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 831-842. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2014.995484

Lauridsen, KM & Cozart, SM 2015, Teaching and learning in the international classroom: quality principles and lessons learned from the IntlUni project. in Handbook: Internationalisation of European Higher Education. Dr. Josef Raabe Verlags-GmbH, Berlin.

Møller, JE & Peron, NJ 2015, 'Teaching Communication Skills in Clinical Practice', 1st International Conference Clinical Communication – contemporary teaching standards, Krakow, Poland, 24/09/2015 - 25/09/2015.

Olsen, J (ed.), Greene, N, Saracci, R & Trichopoulos, D 2015, Teaching Epidemiology, Fourth Edition: a guide for teachers in epidemiology, public health + clinical medicine. Teaching Epidemiology, no. 4, Oxford University Press.

Jankvist, UT 2015, Teaching history in mathematics education to future mathematics teacher educators. in K Krainer & N Vondrová (eds), Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Education and ERME, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 1825-1831, CERME-9, Prague, Czech Republic, 04/02/2015.

Laursen, PF 2015, 'Teaching lab & praksistilknytning', Unge Pædagoger, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 20-29.

Dahl, MR 2015, Teaching portfolio.

Qvortrup, A & Keiding, TB 2015, 'Teaching’s concept of learning', EERA: ECER 2015, Budapest, Hungary, 07/09/2015 - 11/09/2015.

Gnaur, D & Clausen, J 2015, 'Teaching Smart with Podcasts', International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 486-494.

Øvad, T, Bornoe, N, Larsen, LB & Stage, J 2015, Teaching software developers to perform UX tasks. in M Carter, M Gibbs, W Smith, F Vetere & B Ploderer (eds), OzCHI 2015: Being Human - Conference Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 397-406, 27th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2015, Parkville, Australia, 07/12/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2838739.2838764

Zander, L, Butler, C, Mockaitis, A, Herbert, K, Lauring, J, Mäkelä, K, Paunova, M, Umans, T & Zettinig, P 2015, Team-based global organizations: The future of global organizing. in R van Tulder & A Verbeke (eds), The future of global organizing. Emerald Group Publishing, Progress in International Business Research, vol. 10, pp. 227-243.

Ravn, I 2015, 'Teamkoordinator som facilitator', Unge Pædagoger, no. 3, pp. 41-48.

Gerowitt, B, Melander, B, Krawczyk, R, Salonen, J, Verwijst, T & Zarina, L 2015, Team-up Crop Diversification and Weed Management: PRODIVA. in Proceedings - 17th European Weed Research Society Symposium. pp. 202-202, European Weed Research Society Symposium, Montpellier, France, 23/06/2015. <http://www.ewrs.org/doc/17th_EWRS_Symposium_Proceedings_Montpellier_France_2015.pdf>

Nielsen, K, Vorum, H, Ehlers, N , Aagaard, N , Hjortdal, J & Honoré, B 2015, 'Tear film proteins deposited on high water content contact lenses identified with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry', Acta Ophthamologica (Online), vol. 93, no. 7, pp. 658-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12800

Karamichos, D, Zieske, JD, Sejersen, H, Sarker-Nag, A, Asara, JM & Hjortdal, JØ 2015, 'Tear metabolite changes in keratoconus', Experimental Eye Research, vol. 132, pp. 1-8.

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