Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Loghmani, F, Jones, C & Hertel, O 2019, 'Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution in Urban Homes: A Case Study from Isfahan, Iran', Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, 1000337. <https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/evaluation-of-indoor-air-pollution-in-urban-homes-a-case-study-from-isfahan-iran.pdf>

Galiullin, TM, Pokhvishcheva, NV, Kalinichev, AV & Peshkova, MA 2019, 'Evaluation of Ionic Liquids Based on Amino Acid Anions for Use in Liquid-junction Free Reference Electrodes', Electroanalysis, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1708-1718. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900125

Dreier, JW , Li, J , Sun, Y & Christensen, J 2019, 'Evaluation of Long-term Risk of Epilepsy, Psychiatric Disorders, and Mortality Among Children With Recurrent Febrile Seizures: A National Cohort Study in Denmark', JAMA Pediatrics, vol. 173, no. 12, pp. 1164-1170. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3343

Benaouda, M, Martin, C, Li, X, Kebreab, E, Hristov, AN, Yu, Z, Yáñez-Ruiz, DR, Reynolds, CK, Crompton, LA, Dijkstra, J, Bannink, A, Schwarm, A, Kreuzer, M, McGee, M, Lund, P , Hellwing, ALF , Weisbjerg, MR, Moate, PJ, Bayat, AR, Shingfield, KJ, Peiren, N & Eugène, MA 2019, Evaluation of mathematical models to predict methane emissions from ruminants under different dietary mitigation strategies. in A Berndt, LGP Ribeiro & AL Abdalla (eds), Proceedings of the 7th GGAA. Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, pp. 85-86, Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture Conference, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 04/08/2019. <http://www.ggaa2019.org/sites/default/files/proceedings-ggaa2019.pdf>

Rehman, HU , Pouladi, N , Pulido Moncada, MA , de Jonge, LW & Arthur, E 2019, 'Evaluation of Measurement Methods for the Atterberg Limits of Fine-Grained Soils', 2018 - 2019 SSSA International Soils Meeting , San Diego, United States, 06/01/2019 - 09/01/2019. <https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/115486>

Venkataraman, AV, Mansur, A, Huiban, M, Passchier, J, Rowe, JB, Tsukada, H, Brooks, D, Gunn, RN, Matthews, PM, Rabiner, EA & MINDMAPS Consortium 2019, 'Evaluation of mitochondrial and synaptic function in Alzheimer's disease (AD): a [F-18]BCPP-EF, [C-11]SA4503 and [C-11]UCB-J PET study', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 39, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 121-122.

Slavensky, H 2019, Evaluation of new learning spaces for mixed on-campus and online students. in J Bennedsen, AB Lauritsen, K Edström, N Kuptasthien, J Roslöf & R Songer (eds), The 15th International CDIO Conference: Proceedings – Full Papers. AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Aarhus, pp. 591-602, 15th International CDIO Conference at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 25/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.347

Kotlar, AM, Iversen, BV & de Jong van Lier, Q 2019, 'Evaluation of parametric and nonparametric machine-learning techniques for prediction of saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity', Vadose Zone Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, 180141. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.07.0141

Does, MD, Olesen, JL, Harkins, KD, Serradas-Duarte, T, Gochberg, DF, Jespersen, SN & Shemesh, N 2019, 'Evaluation of principal component analysis image denoising on multi-exponential MRI relaxometry', Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 3503-3514. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27658

Neppl, S, Landry, G, Kurz, C, Hansen, DC, Hoyle, B, Stöcklein, S, Seidensticker, M, Weller, J, Belka, C, Parodi, K & Kamp, F 2019, 'Evaluation of proton and photon dose distributions recalculated on 2D and 3D Unet-generated pseudoCTs from T1-weighted MR head scans', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1429-1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2019.1630754

Friis, JE , Subbiahdoss, G, Gerved, G, Holm, AH, Santos, O, Blichfeld, AB, Moghaddam, SZ, Thormann, E, Daasbjerg, K , Iruthayaraj, J & Meyer, RL 2019, 'Evaluation of Surface-initiated Polymer brush as Anti-scaling Coating for Plate Heat Exchangers', Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 136, 105196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.06.042

Tirado-Conde, J, Engesgaard, P, Karan, S, Müller, S & Duque, C 2019, 'Evaluation of temperature profiling and seepage meter methods for quantifying submarine groundwater discharge to coastal lagoons: Impacts of saltwater intrusion and the associated thermal regime', Water (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 8, 1648. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081648

López-Blanco, E, Exbrayat, JF, Lund, M , Christensen, TR , Tamstorf, MP, Slevin, D, Hugelius, G, Bloom, AA & Williams, M 2019, 'Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system', Earth System Dynamics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 233-255. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-233-2019

Chiang, C, Chung, M-T, Shih, T-W, Chan, T-Y, Yamaguchi, A & Wang, C-H 2019, 'Evaluation of the Ba-137 mass-marking technique and potential effects in the early life history stages of Sepioteuthis lessoniana', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 1698-1707. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18325

Davidsen, RS, Hemanth, S, Keller, SS, Bek, T & Hansen, O 2019, 'Evaluation of the capacitive behavior of 3D carbon electrodes for sub-retinal photovoltaic prosthesis', Micro and Nano Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mne.2019.02.003

Benaouda, M, Martin, C, Li, X, Kebreab, E, Hristov, AN, Yu, Z, Yáñez-Ruiz, DR, Reynolds, CK, Crompton, LA, Dijkstra, J, Bannink, A, Schwarm, A, Kreuzer, M, McGee, M, Lund, P , Hellwing, ALF , Weisbjerg, MR, Moate, PJ, Bayat, AR, Shingfield, KJ, Peiren, N & Eugène, M 2019, 'Evaluation of the performance of existing mathematical models predicting enteric methane emissions from ruminants: Animal categories and dietary mitigation strategies', Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 255, 114207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114207

Dam Otten, N, Toft, N, Thomsen, PT & Houe, H 2019, 'Evaluation of the performance of register data as indicators for dairy herds with high lameness prevalence', Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica , vol. 61, no. 1, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-019-0484-y

Kumar, A, Brandt, J , Ketzel, M, Patil, RS, Dikshit, AK & Hertel, O 2019, 'Evaluation of the Urban Background Model (UBM) and AERMOD for Mumbai City', Environmental Modeling & Assessment, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-018-9607-5

Degn, H-P 2019, 'Evaluering af kultur: Præsentation og diskussion af den forskningsbaserede evaluering af Aarhus 2017.', Paper presented at Dansk Evalueringsselskabs Årskonference 2019, Kolding, Denmark, 04/09/2019 - 06/09/2019.

Andersen, SC , Andreassen, LM , Harrits, GS , Hvidman, U , Kristensen, MV & Munkedal, S 2019, Evaluering af skolepuljen: 1. midtvejsrapport. <https://childresearch.au.dk/fileadmin/childresearch/dokumenter/Publikationer/Evaluering_af_skolepuljen_-_1._midtvejsrapport_-_05-03-2019.pdf>

Rosholm, M , Vind, BD , Laursen, NB , Lomholt, JJ & Nielsen, SA 2019, Evaluering af skolerettede og skoleunderstøttende indsatser i projekt "Styrket faglighed blandt udsatte børn i folkeskolen". <https://childresearch.au.dk/fileadmin/childresearch/dokumenter/Publikationer/Styrket_faglighed_Faerdig_rapport_tilgaengelig_25032020.pdf>

Rosholm, M & Vind, BD 2019, Evaluering af to skolerettede og to skoleunderstøttende indsatser målrettet udsatte børn. <https://childresearch.au.dk/fileadmin/childresearch/dokumenter/Publikationer/Styrket_faglighed_Faerdigt_praksisrettet_resume_tilgaengelig.pdf>

Graversgaard, M , Thorsøe, MH & Dalgaard, T 2019, Evaluering af vandrådsarbejdet 2017 om kvalificering af afgrænsning og udpegning af vandløb. DCA rapport, no. 153, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1299>

Levin, G 2019, 'Evaluering af vedligehold af § 3-registreringen', Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2019/Evaluering____3_registreringen.pdf>

Zuppi, A 2019, 'Éveline Lot-Falck, I Riti di caccia dei popoli siberiani, Milano, Adelphi Edizioni', Anuac, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 239-242. https://doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625X-3792

Rav, M 2019, 'Event-Based Flood Risk Assessment on Massive Terrains'.

Ajaj, T, Blankertz, B, Alter, K & Grube, M 2019, 'Event-related EEG correlates of the processing of a metrical beat: in search for components of entrainment and prediction.', Annual Meeting of the German Neuroscience Foundation , Göttingen, Germany, 20/03/2019.

Föcker, J & Röder, B 2019, 'Event-related potentials reveal evidence for late integration of emotional prosody and facial expression in dynamic stimuli: An ERP study', Multisensory Research.

Gyldenkerne, C , Olesen, KKW, Jensen, LO, Junker, A, Veien, KT, Terkelsen, CJ , Kristensen, SD , Thim, T, Jensen, SE, Raungaard, B, Aaroe, J, Kahlert, J, Villadsen, AB, Bøtker, HE , Christiansen, EH & Maeng, M 2019, 'Everolimus-Eluting Versus Biolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent Implantation in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus', The American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 124, no. 5, pp. 671-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.05.060

Maeng, M , Christiansen, EH , Raungaard, B , Kahlert, J , Terkelsen, CJ , Kristensen, SD , Carstensen, S, Aarøe, J, Jensen, SE, Villadsen, AB , Lassen, JF , Thim, T , Eftekhari, A, Veien, KT, Hansen, KN, Junker, A, Bøtker, HE, Jensen, LO & SORT OUT VIII Investigators 2019, 'Everolimus-Eluting Versus Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Biodegradable Polymers in Unselected Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial With 1-Year Follow-Up (SORT OUT VIII Trial)', JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 624-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2018.12.036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2018.12.036

Green, KR 2019, 'Everybody Knows: Is There Economic Privacy Within Complementary Currencies?'.

Bjerge, B & Eriksson, M 2019, 'Everyday life and the boundaries of social work', Nordic Social Work Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 101-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2019.1604683

Verdasco Martinez, A 2019, 'Everyday Rituals of Migration: Constructing Relatedness and Agency among Young Refugees in Denmark', Ethnos, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 550.

Chow, P-S 2019, 'Everyday spaces and visual narratives of Malmö', Scandinavica: An International Journal of Scandinavian Studies, vol. 58, no. T, pp. 5-10. <https://www.scandinavica.net/article/11175-everyday-spaces-and-visual-narratives-of-malmo>

Baschieri, A, Gordeev, VS, Akuze, J, Kwesiga, D, Blencowe, H, Cousens, S, Waiswa, P, Fisker, AB, Thysen, SM, Rodrigues, A, Biks, GA, Abebe, SM, Gelaye, KA, Mengistu, MY, Geremew, BM, Delele, TG, Tesega, AK, Yitayew, TA, Kasasa, S, Galiwango, E, Natukwatsa, D, Kajungu, D, Enuameh, YA, Nettey, OE, Dzabeng, F, Amenga-Etego, S, Newton, SK, Manu, AA, Tawiah, C, Asante, KP, Owusu-Agyei, S, Alam, N, Haider, MM, Alam, SS, Arnold, F, Byass, P, Croft, TN, Herbst, K, Kishor, S, Serbanescu, F & Lawn, JE 2019, '"Every Newborn-INDEPTH" (EN-INDEPTH) study protocol for a randomised comparison of household survey modules for measuring stillbirths and neonatal deaths in five Health and Demographic Surveillance sites', Journal of global health, vol. 9, no. 1, 010901. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010901

Bauer, PJ, Baker-Ward, L, Krøjgaard, P, Peterson, C & Wang, Q 2019, 'Evidence Against Depiction as Fiction: A Comment on “Fictional First Memories” (Akhtar, Justice, Morrison & Conway, 2018)', Psychological Science, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1397-1399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619834510

Finderup, J & Lomborg, K 2019, Evidence-based clinical practice. in TB Hafsteinsdóttir, H Jónsdóttir, H Leino-Kilpi, K Lomborg & IR Hallberg (eds), Leadership in nursing: experiences from the European Nordic countries. Springer, Cham, pp. 33-45.

Tankisi, H , Pugdahl, K , Beniczky, S , Andersen, H & Fuglsang-Frederiksen, A 2019, 'Evidence-based recommendations for examination and diagnostic strategies of polyneuropathy electrodiagnosis', Clinical Neurophysiology Practice, vol. 4, pp. 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnp.2019.10.005

Kiviat, E, Meyerson, LA, Mozdzer, TJ, Allen, WJ, Baldwin, AH, Bhattarai, GP, Brix, H, Caplan, JS, Kettenring, KM, Lambertini, C, Weis, J, Whigham, DF & Cronin, JT 2019, 'Evidence does not support the targeting of cryptic invaders at the subspecies level using classical biological control: the example of Phragmites', Biological Invasions, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 2529-2541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02014-9

Galbany, L, Ashall, C, Hoflich, P, Gonzalez-Gaitan, S, Taubenberger, S, Stritzinger, M, Hsiao, EY, Mazzali, P, Baron, E, Blondin, S, Bose, S, Bulla, M, Burke, JF, Burns, CR, Cartier, R, Chen, P, Della Valle, M, Diamond, TR, Gutierrez, CP, Harmanen, J, Hiramatsu, D, Holoien, TW-S, Hosseinzadeh, G, Howell, DA, Huang, Y, Inserra, C, de Jaeger, T, Jha, SW, Kangas, T, Kromer, M, Lyman, JD, Maguire, K, Marion, GH, Milisavljevic, D, Prentice, SJ, Razza, A, Reynolds, TM, Sand, DJ, Shappee, BJ, Shekhar, R, Smartt, SJ, Stassun, KG, Sullivan, M, Valenti, S, Villanueva, S, Wang, X, Wheeler, JC, Zhai, Q & Zhang, J 2019, 'Evidence for a Chandrasekhar-mass explosion in the Ca-strong 1991bg-like type la supernova 2016hnk', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 630, 76. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935537

Van Den Berge, N , Ferreira, N , Gram, H , Mikkelsen, TW , Alstrup, AKO, Casadei, N, Tsung-Pin, P, Riess, O, Nyengaard, JR, Tamgüney, G, Jensen, PH & Borghammer, P 2019, 'Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats', Acta Neuropathologica, vol. 138, no. 4, pp. 535-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-019-02040-w

Howe, LJ, Richardson, TG, Arathimos, R, Alvizi, L, Passos-Bueno, MR, Stanier, P, Nohr, E, Ludwig, KU, Mangold, E, Knapp, M, Stergiakouli, E, Pourcain, BS, Smith, GD, Sandy, J, Relton, CL, Lewis, SJ, Hemani, G & Sharp, GC 2019, 'Evidence for DNA methylation mediating genetic liability to non-syndromic cleft lip/palate', Epigenomics, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 133-145. https://doi.org/10.2217/epi-2018-0091

Skogen, JC, Thørrisen, MM, Olsen, E, Hesse, M & Aas, RW 2019, 'Evidence for essential unidimensionality of AUDIT and measurement invariance across gender, age and education. Results from the WIRUS study', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 202, pp. 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.002

Bechsgaard, J , Schou, MF , Vanthournout, B, Hendrickx, F, Knudsen, B, Settepani, V , Schierup, MH & Bilde, T 2019, 'Evidence for Faster X Chromosome Evolution in Spiders', Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1281-1293. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz074

Foo, JC, Streit, F, Frank, J, Treutlein, J, Baune, BT, Moebus, S, Joeckel, K-H, Forstner, AJ, Noethen, MM, Rietschel, M, Sartorius, A, Kranaster, L & Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (Jakob Grove, member of -) 2019, 'Evidence for increased genetic risk load for major depression in patients assigned to electroconvulsive therapy', American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, vol. 180, no. 1, pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32700

Nyhus, C, Pihl, M, Hyttel, P & Hall, VJ 2019, 'Evidence for nucleolar dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease', Reviews in the Neurosciences, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 685–700. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2018-0104

Foley, N, Tulaczyk, SM, Grombacher, D, Doran, PT, Mikucki, J, Myers, KF, Foged, N, Dugan, H, Auken, E & Virginia, R 2019, 'Evidence for pathways of concentrated submarine groundwater discharge in east Antarctica from helicopter-borne electrical resistivity measurements', Hydrology, vol. 6, no. 2, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/HYDROLOGY6020054

Henriksen, A 2019, 'Evidence in AI: Working on the basis of thresholds in predictive algorithms', Big Data and the Power of Narrative, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21/03/2019 - 22/03/2019.

Polimanti, R, Peterson, RE, Ong, J-S, MacGregor, S, Edwards, AC, Clarke, T-K, Frank, J, Gerring, Z, Gillespie, NA, Lind, PA, Maes, HH, Martin, NG, Mbarek, H, Medland, SE, Streit, F, Agrawal, A, Edenberg, HJ, Kendler, KS, Lewis, CM, Sullivan, PF, Wray, NR, Gelernter, J, Derks, EM & Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2019, 'Evidence of causal effect of major depression on alcohol dependence: findings from the psychiatric genomics consortium', Psychological Medicine, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1218-1226. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719000667

Crabeck, O, Galley, RJ, Mercury, L, Delille, B, Tison, JL & Rysgaard, S 2019, 'Evidence of Freezing Pressure in Sea Ice Discrete Brine Inclusions and Its Impact on Aqueous-Gaseous Equilibrium', Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 1660-1678. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014597

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