Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Heinsohn, R, Jacobsen, AR & Andersen, CS 2019, 'Fulldome cinema adds new perspectives on Nordic Film Days Lûbeck in Germany', Planetarian, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 24-30. <https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ips-planetarium.org/resource/resmgr/planetarian/201909planetarian.pdf>

Pedersen, M , Kamperis, K , Mahler, B, Jennum, P & Rittig, S 2019, 'Full unattended ambulatory polysomnography in healthy 7-14-year-old children – feasibility and intraindividual variability in sleep parameters', International Childrens Continence Society Conference, Gdansk, Poland, 12/09/2019 - 14/09/2019.

Cohen-Addad, V, Hjuler, N, Parotsidis, N, Saulpic, D & Schwiegelshohn, C 2019, 'Fully dynamic consistent facility location', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 32.

Dakin, J , Hannestad, S & Tram, T 2019, 'Fully relativistic treatment of decaying cold dark matter in N-body simulations', Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, no. 6, 32. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/06/032

Tram, T , Brandbyge, J , Dakin, J & Hannestad, S 2019, 'Fully relativistic treatment of light neutrinos in N-body simulations', Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2019, no. 3, 022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/03/022

Otzen, D & Riek, R 2019, 'Functional Amyloids', Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, vol. 11, no. 12, a033860. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a033860

Khan, AR , Hansen, B , Iversen, NK , Olesen, JL, Angoa-Perez, M, M. Kuhn, D & Jespersen, S 2019, 'Functional and microstructural alterations in the rat hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury', International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2019, Montreal, Canada, 11/05/2019 - 16/05/2019.

Richner, M , Ferreira, N , Dudele, A , Jensen, TS , Vaegter, CB & Gonçalves, NP 2019, 'Functional and Structural Changes of the Blood-Nerve-Barrier in Diabetic Neuropathy', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 12, 1038. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.01038

Hyvärinen, T, Hyysalo, A, Kapucu, FE, Aarnos, L, Vinogradov, A, Eglen, SJ, Ylä-Outinen, L & Narkilahti, S 2019, 'Functional characterization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical networks differentiated on laminin-521 substrate: comparison to rat cortical cultures', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 17125. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53647-8

Lumaca, M , Kleber, B , Brattico, E , Vuust, P & Baggio, G 2019, 'Functional connectivity in human auditory networks and the origins of variation in the transmission of musical systems', eLife, vol. 8, e48710. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.48710

Pando-Naude, V, Barrios, FA, Alcauter, S, Pasaye, EH, Vase, L , Brattico, E , Vuust, P & Garza-Villarreal, EA 2019, 'Functional connectivity of music-induced analgesia in fibromyalgia', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 15486. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51990-4

Roenn, CP, Li, M, Schack, VR, Forster, IC, Holm, R , Toustrup-Jensen, MS , Andersen, JP, Petrou, S & Vilsen, B 2019, 'Functional consequences of the CAPOS mutation E818K of Na+,K+-ATPase', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 294, no. 1, pp. 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004591

Lin, L & Luo, Y 2019, Functional Evaluation of CRISPR Activity by the Dual-Fluorescent Surrogate System: C-Check. in Y Luo (ed.), Methods in Molecular Biology: Methods and Protocols. Springer Science+Business Media, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1961, pp. 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9170-9_5

Wentao, W, Tao, Z, Bulei, S, Tongchang, Z, Qicheng, Z, Fan, W, Ninglin, Z, Jian, S, Ming, Z & Yi, S 2019, 'Functionalization of polyvinyl alcohol composite film wrapped in a_m-ZnO@CuO@Au nanoparticles for antibacterial application and wound healing', Applied Materials Today, vol. 17, pp. 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2019.07.001

Pacheco-Torres, J, Moreno, A, Fernández, B, Pérez-Cervera, L, Caramés, JM, Fernández-Mollá, LM, Pérez-Montoyo, E, Martínez-Sánchez, M, Moratal, D & Canals, S 2019, Functional MRI of Synaptic Plasticity. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812028-6.00024-0

Damgaard, IB, Ang, M, Mahmoud, AM, Farook, M, Roberts, CJ & Mehta, JS 2019, 'Functional optical zone and centration following SMILE and LASIK: A prospective, randomized, contralateral eye study', Journal of Refractive Surgery, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 230-237. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20190313-01

Hidaka, J , Elfeki, H , Duelund-Jakobsen, J , Laurberg, S & Lundby, L 2019, 'Functional Outcome after Laparoscopic Posterior Sutured Rectopexy Versus Ventral Mesh Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse: Six-year Follow-up of a Double-blind, Randomized Single-center Study', EClinicalMedicine, vol. 16, pp. 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.08.014

WAKE-UP investigators 2019, 'Functional Outcome of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Lacunar Infarcts in the WAKE-UP Trial', JAMA Neurology, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 641-649. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0351

Farr, KP, West, K, Yeghiaian-Alvandi, R, Farlow, D, Stensmyr, R, Chicco, A & Hau, E 2019, 'Functional perfusion image guided radiation treatment planning for locally advanced lung cancer', Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, vol. 11, pp. 76-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phro.2019.08.007

Petersen, MW 2019, 'Functional somatic symptoms and syndromes in the Danish population', Aarhus.

Jensen, JB 2019, 'Functional urology - Preservation of female sexual function', European Urology Today, pp. 13.

Møller, AP & Laursen, K 2019, 'Function of the uropygial gland in eiders (Somateria mollissima)', Avian Research, vol. 10, no. 1, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-019-0163-8

Mikkelsen, KB , Delmar, C & Sørensen, EE 2019, 'Fundamentals of Care in Time-Litimed Encounters: Exploring Strategies that can be used to Support Establishing a Nurse Patient Relationship in Time-Limited Encounters', Journal of Nursing Studies and Patient Care, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8-16. <https://www.somatopublications.com/fundamentals-of-care-in-time-limited-encounters-exploring-strategies-that-can-be-used-to-support-establishing-a-nurse-patient-relationship-in-time-limited-encounters.pdf>

Jakobsen, LS 2019, Fundne objekter og levende kroppe. in EG Høyersten, P Taagaard Dinesen & E Drude Skeel Langvold (eds), Objects of wonder: from pedestal to interaction. ARoS Publishing, Aarhus, pp. 28-64.

Blömer, M & Raja, R 2019, Funerary portraits in Roman Greater Syria: time for a reappreciation. in M Blömer & R Raja (eds), Funerary portraiture in Greater Roman Syria. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, Studies in Classical Archaeology, vol. 6, pp. 1-4.

Blömer, M & Raja, R (eds) 2019, Funerary Portraiture in Greater Roman Syria. Studies in Classical Archaeology, vol. 6, Brepols Publishers, Turmhout.

Raja, R 2019, Funerary portraiture in Palmyra: portrait habit at a crossroads or a signifier of local identity? in M Blömer & R Raja (eds), Funerary Portraiture in Greater Roman Syria. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, Studies in Classical Archaeology, vol. 6, pp. 95-110.

Heick, TM & Jørgensen, LN 2019, 'Fungicide resistance in Zymoseptoria tritici and Pyrenophora teres in the NorBaRag region', 19th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium, Friedrichroda, Germany, 07/04/2019 - 11/04/2019.

Heick, TM , Jørgensen, LN , Christiansen, H-B & Frederiksen, BB 2019, Fungicide resistance-related investigations. in LN Jørgensen, BJ Nielsen, SK Mathiassen, MS Hovmøller, PK Jensen, TM Heick, HS Kristjansen, P Hartvig & S Sørensen (eds), Applied Crop Protection 2018. DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, Tjele, DCA rapport, vol. 152, pp. 60-66.

Zubrod, JP, Bundschuh, M, Arts, G, Brühl, CA, Imfeld, G, Knäbel, A, Payraudeau, S, Rasmussen, JJ, Rohr, J, Scharmüller, A, Smalling, K, Stehle, S, Schulz, R & Schäfer, RB 2019, 'Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 3347-3365. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04392

Del Frari, G, Gobbi, A , Aggerbeck, MR, Oliveira, H, Hansen, LH & Ferreira, RB 2019, 'Fungicides and the Grapevine Wood Mycobiome: A Case Study on Tracheomycotic Ascomycete Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Reveals Potential for Two Novel Control Strategies', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 1405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01405

Knorr, K , Jørgensen, LN & Nicolaisen, M 2019, 'Fungicides have complex effects on the wheat phyllosphere mycobiome', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 3, e0213176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213176

Grinderslev, J, Ek, G, Nygård, M, Andersson, M, Sahlberg, M, Hauback, BC, Sørby, MH, Karlsson, M, Häussermann, U & Jensen, TR 2019, 'FunHy - Neutrons for Multi-Functional Hydrides', SMEC2019, Miami, United States, 30/03/2019 - 06/04/2019.

Alstrup, AKO 2019, 'Funktional MRI-skanning giver indblik i, hvordan hunde opfatter ord', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift, vol. 2, pp. 29.

Fink, PK & Gormsen, LK 2019, Funktionelle smerter og sygdom. in MU Werner, NB Finnerup & L Arendt-Nielsen (eds), Smerter: baggrund, evidens og behandling. 4 edn, FADL's Forlag, København, pp. 476-493.

Fink, P 2019, Funktionelle syndromer. in OB Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, JH Svendsen & H von Arenstorff Vilstrup (eds), Medicinsk Kompendium, 19. udg. 19. edn, Munksgaard , København, pp. 281-290.

Møller, KL , Bengtsen, SS & Thunø, M 2019, 'Funktion og relation - brug af Kaizena i online faglig vejledning på universitetet', DUN Konferencen 2019, Odense, Denmark, 28/05/2019 - 29/05/2019.

Sovacool, BK, Kivimaa, P, Hielscher, S & Jenkins, K 2019, 'Further reflections on vulnerability and resistance in the United Kingdom's smart meter transition', Energy Policy, vol. 124, pp. 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.038

Prasad, S & Prasad, R 2019, 'Fusion Multistyle Training for Speaker Identification of Disguised Speech', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 895-905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-6057-y

Kunst, JR, Dovidio, JF & Thomsen, L 2019, 'Fusion with political leaders predicts willingness to persecute immigrants and political opponents', Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 1180-1189. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0708-1

Beedholm, CF, Bennike, S & Ryom, K 2019, Futsal litteraturstudie: en gennemgang af 15 videnskabelige artikler omhandlende futsal. Dansk Boldspil Union (DBU), Brøndby. <https://www.dbu.dk/media/12379/futsalrapport_final.pdf>

Harcourt, R, van der Hoop, JM, Kraus, SD & Carroll, EL 2019, 'Future Directions in Eubalaena spp. Comparative Research to Inform Conservation', Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 5, no. January 2019, 530. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00530

Liu, H 2019, 'Future highly renewable Chinese energy systems: fundamentals and techno-economic design'.

Christiansen, CO 2019, Future Machines. Global Inequality. <http://global-inequality.com/research-diary-future-machines/>

Dinesen, B, Dittmann, L, Gade, JD, Jørgensen, CK, Hollingdal, M, Leth, S, Melholt, C, Spindler, H & Refsgaard, J 2019, '"Future Patient" Telerehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial', JMIR Research Protocols, vol. 8, no. 9, e14517. https://doi.org/10.2196/14517

Humaidan, P, La Marca, A, Alviggi, C, Esteves, SC & Haahr, T 2019, 'Future Perspectives of POSEIDON Stratification for Clinical Practice and Research', Frontiers in Endocrinology, vol. 10, no. JULY, 439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00439

Manickam, K, Mistry, P, Walker, G, Grant, D, Buckley, CE, Humphries, TD, Paskevicius, M, Jensen, T, Albert, R, Peinecke, K & Felderhoff, M 2019, 'Future perspectives of thermal energy storage with metal hydrides', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 7738-7745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.011

Bartosova, A, Capell, R, Olesen, JE, Jabloun, M, Refsgaard, JC, Donnelly, C, Hyytiäinen, K, Pihlainen, S, Zandersen, M & Arheimer, B 2019, 'Future socioeconomic conditions may have a larger impact than climate change on nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea', AMBIO, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1325-1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01243-5

Stenager, E, Hvid, LN , Riemenschneider, M & Dalgas, U 2019, 'Fysisk træning som supplerende behandlingsstrategi tidligt i MS forløb', BestPractice Nordic.

Dyrberg, E, Hendel, HW, Huynh, THV, Klausen, TW, Løgager, VB, Madsen, C, Pedersen, EM, Pedersen, M & Thomsen, HS 2019, 'Ga-68-PSMA-PET/CT in comparison with F-18-fluoride-PET/CT and whole-body MRI for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study', European Radiology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1221-1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5682-x

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