Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Tarbensen, ML 2019, Eat'n'read. Aarhus: Werks Grafiske.

Madsen, T , Świtnicki, M , Juul, M & Pedersen, JS 2019, 'EBADIMEX: an empirical Bayes approach to detect joint differential expression and methylation and to classify samples', Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, vol. 18, no. 6, 20180050. https://doi.org/10.1515/sagmb-2018-0050

Dehli, J , Karlsson, C , Bizelli-Silveira, C, Jiang, X, Kraft, D & Foss, M 2019, 'E-cadherin mediated cell-biomaterial interaction reduces migration of keratinocytes in-vitro', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 180, pp. 326-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.010

Frainer, G, Benites Moreno, I, Galatius, A, Serpa, N, Huggenberger, S & Wiedermann, D 2019, 'Echo-devo: Ontogeny and evolution of the sound generating structures in dolphins (Odontoceti: Delphinida) Guilherme Frainer, Ignacio Benites Moreno, Anders Galatius, Nathalia Serpa, Stefan Huggenberger, Dirk Wiedermann', World Marine Mammal Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 07/12/2019 - 12/12/2019.

Kølvraa, CL , Knudsen, BT & Andersen, C 2019, Echoes' Keywords: Introduction.

Kanareva-Dimitrovska, A 2019, ECML og Den Europæiske Sprogdag d. 26. september 2019. Lingoblog.dk. <http://www.lingoblog.dk/ecml-og-den-europaeiske-sprogdag-2019-d-26-september-2019/>

Kanareva-Dimitrovska, A & Eychenne, D 2019, 'ECML workshops i Graz: kernen i ethvert ECML projekt', Sproglaereren, vol. 2019, no. 1, pp. 22-23.

Araujo, MB, Svenning, J-C & Tuomisto, H 2019, 'Ecography's flip to a pay-to-publish model', Ecography, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1456-1457. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04791

Jensen, TW & Greve, L 2019, 'Ecological Cognition and Metaphor', Metaphor and Symbol, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2019.1591720

Goldstein, J & Steiner, UK 2019, 'Ecological drivers of jellyfish blooms – The complex life history of a ‘well‐known’ medusa (Aurelia aurita)', Journal of Animal Ecology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 910-920. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13147

Metcalfe, DB, Cherif, M, Jepsen, JU, Vindstad, OPL, Kristensen, J & Belsing, U 2019, 'Ecological stoichiometry and nutrient partitioning in two insect herbivores responsible for large-scale forest disturbance in the Fennoscandian subarctic', Ecological Entomology, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 118-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12679

Root-Bernstein, M & Ladle, R 2019, 'Ecology of a widespread large omnivore, Homo sapiens, and its impacts on ecosystem processes', Ecology and Evolution, vol. 9, no. 19, pp. 10874-10894. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5049

Zeng, Y 2019, 'Econometric Forecasting and Textual Analysis in Finance', Aarhus.

Borup, D 2019, 'Econometric Modeling and Forecasting in Financial Markets', Aarhus.

Andersen, MS , Levin, G & Odgaard, MV 2019, 'Economic benefits of reducing agricultural N losses to coastal waters for seaside recreation and real estate value in Denmark', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 140, pp. 146-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.010

Djuve, VL & Knutsen, CH 2019 'Economic Crisis and Regime Transitions From Within' V-Dem Institute, Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg. <https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/2b/65/2b65b593-0029-4dc7-bc84-685b52baac41/wp_92_final.pdf>

Andersen, DDE & Krishnarajan, S 2019, 'Economic Crisis, Bureaucratic Quality, and Democratic Breakdown', Government and Opposition, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 715-744. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.37

Krishnarajan, S 2019, 'Economic crisis, natural resources, and irregular leader removal in autocracies', International Studies Quarterly, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 726-741. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz006

Knutsen, CH, Gerring, J, Skaaning, S-E, Teorell, J, Maguire, M, Coppedge, M & Lindberg, S 2019, 'Economic Development and Democracy: An Electoral Connection', European Journal of Political Research, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 292-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12282

Nianogo, RA, Wang, MC, Basurto-Davila, R, Nobari, TZ, Prelip, M, Arah, OA & Whaley, SE 2019, 'Economic evaluation of California prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) to prevent preterm birth', Preventive Medicine, vol. 124, pp. 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.011

Aarup Duus, L, Gulden, T, Che, C & Graumann, O 2019, 'Economic evaluation of percutaneous cryoablation versus partial nephrectomy of small renal masses. A systematic review', Nordic Congress of Radiology, København, Denmark, 22/05/2019 - 24/05/2019.

Williams, JH, Wezel, A & Ranaldo, M 2019, EcoStack scoping study and review of the current system state: Stacking of ecosystem services, mechanisms and interactions for optimal crop protection, pollination enhancement, and productivity. EU Commission. <https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic/YWJqTUkxN0R6TktuMjdmVGFhVEkzQ3NzRmpTQmllcG9LYitMMUZOR1NTeDBMTmtkcW1kMG5RPT0=/attachment/VFEyQTQ4M3ptUWNXSEFsRGhPWXYvanFhR2JYeVpqZys=>

Voigt, C, Marushchak, ME, Mastepanov, M, Lamprecht, RE, Christensen, TR, Dorodnikov, M, Jackowicz-Korczyński, M, Lindgren, A, Lohila, A, Nykänen, H, Oinonen, M, Oksanen, T, Palonen, V, Treat, CC, Martikainen, PJ & Biasi, C 2019, 'Ecosystem carbon response of an Arctic peatland to simulated permafrost thaw', Global Change Biology, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1746-1764. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14574

Maar, M 2019, 'Ecosystem modelling of environmental effects from mussel farms', Coastal & Marine, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 12-13. <https://www.eucc.net/uploads/12/coastalandmarine_2019-1.pdf>

Schmidt, NM , Hansen, J , Hansen, LH & Raundrup, KR 2019, Ecosystem-wide reproductive failure. in TR Christensen, MF Arndal & E Topp-Jørgensen (eds), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring: Annual Report Cards 2018. Aarhus University, pp. 6-7.

Kahan, K, Kar, S, Sanderson, H, Roy, K & Leszczynski, J 2019, 'Ecotoxicological modeling, ranking and prioritization of pharmaceuticals using QSTR and i-QSTTR approaches: Application of 2D and fragment based descriptors', Molecular Informatics, vol. 38, no. 8-9, 1800078. https://doi.org/10.1002/minf.201800078

Andersen, H, Mantegazza, R, Wang, JJ, O’Brien, F, Patra, K, Howard, JF & The REGAIN Study Group 2019, 'Eculizumab improves fatigue in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis', Quality of Life Research, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 2247-2254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02148-2

Blömer, M 2019, Edessa and Osrhoene. in O Tekin (ed.), Hellenistic and Roman Anatolia. Kings, Emperors, City States. Phoibos Verlag, Istanbul, pp. 196-221.

Liu, J & Zhang, Q 2019, Edge Computing Enabled Mobile Augmented Reality with Imperfect Channel Knowledge. in European Wireless 2019 Conference, EW 2019. VDE Verlag GmbH, pp. 90-95, European Wireless 2019 - 25th European Wireless Conference, Aarhus, Denmark, 02/05/2019. <https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-en/564948016.html>

Wang, Y , Wang, Z , Yang, Q, Hua, A, Ma, S, Zhang, Z & Dong, MD 2019, 'Edge-oriented MoS2 supported on nickel/carbon core–shell nanospheres for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance', New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 43, no. 16, pp. 6146-6152. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj00612e, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ00612E

Whitehead, C, Daugbjerg, M & Bozoğlu, G 2019, Edges and centres: the forcefields of European heritage. in C Whitehead, S Eckersley, M Daugbjerg & G Bozoğlu (eds), Dimensions of Heritage and Memory: Multiple Europes and the Politics of Crisis. Routledge, London, pp. 96-121.

Fissore, RA, Burton, A & Lykke-Hartmann, K 2019, 'Editorial: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Reproduction and Early Development', Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, vol. 7, no. MAR, 36, pp. 36. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00036

Pakkenberg, B, Olesen, MV, Kaalund, SS & Dorph-Petersen, K-A 2019, 'Editorial: Neurostereology', Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, vol. 13, 42. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2019.00042

Valette, J, Ronen, I & Jespersen, SN 2019, 'Editorial: Assessing cellular microstructure in biological tissues using in vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance', Frontiers in Physics, vol. 7, 37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2019.00037

Farrow, K, Isa, T, Luksch, H & Yonehara, K 2019, 'Editorial: The superior colliculus/tectum: Cell types, circuits, computations, behaviors', Frontiers in Neural Circuits, vol. 13, 39. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2019.00039

Cedzyński, M, Thielens, NM, Mollnes, TE & Vorup-Jensen, T 2019, 'Editorial: The Role of Complement in Health and Disease', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 10, 1869. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01869

Bergqvist, E, Fauskanger, J, Häggström, J, Hähkiöiemi, M & Højgaard, T 2019, 'Editorial', Nordic Studies in Mathematics Education, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-4. <http://ncm.gu.se/media/nomad/24_1_001004_editorial.pdf>

Bergqvist, E, Fauskanger, J, Häggström, J, Hähkiöiemi, M & Højgaard, T 2019, 'Editorial', Nordic Studies in Mathematics Education, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1-3. <http://ncm.gu.se/media/nomad/24_2_001004_editorial.pdf>

Aschner, M, Autrup, HN, Cohen, SM, Dekant, W, Eisenbrand, G, Galli, CL, Gori, GB, Kaminski, NE, Klaassen, CD, Klaunig, JE, Levy, L, Lotti, M, Marquardt, HWJ, Pelkonen, O, Schrenk, DF & Yamazaki, H 2019, 'Editorial', Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 101, no. February, pp. A1-A2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.12.015

Foo, E, Plett, JM, Lopez-Raez, JA & Reid, D 2019, 'Editorial: The Role of Plant Hormones in Plant-Microbe Symbioses', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 1391. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01391

Kristiansen, MS, Iversen, R, Grane, T & Sørensen, L 2019, 'Editorial', Danish Journal of Archaeology, vol. 8, pp. 1-2. https://doi.org/10.7146/dja.v8i0.115607

Lee, BP, Birkedal, H & Lee, H 2019, 'Editorial: Catechol and Polyphenol Chemistry for Smart Polymers', Frontiers in Chemistry, vol. 7, 883. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00883

Mookerjee, RP & Thomsen, KL 2019, 'Editorial: evaluating cirrhosis progression-lessons from the heart. Authors' reply', Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 710-711. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15463

Nissen, P 2019, 'Editorial', Kognition & Pædagogik, vol. 29, no. 111 / 112, pp. 3 -5.

Bergqvist, E, Fauskanger, J, Häggström, J, Hähkiöiemi, M & Højgaard, T 2019, 'Editorial', Nordic Studies in Mathematics Education, vol. 24, no. 3-4, pp. 12.

Bennedsen, J, Edström, K, Kuptasthien, N, Lauritsen, AB, Roslöf, J & Songer, R 2019, 'Editorial', Proceedings of the International CDIO Conference.

Raffnsøe, S, Beaulieu, A, Feldman, A, Cruikshank, B, O'Farrell, C, Lorenzini, D, Taylor, D, McGushin, E, Petersen, EB, Mascaretti, G, Martinez, HCP, Oksala, J, Eliassen, KO, Lawlor, LR, Tazzioli, M, Orellana, RC, Götselius, T, Erlenbusch, V, Gudmand-Høyer, M, Rosenberg, A, Neumann, SH & Staunæs, AB 2019, 'Editorial', Foucault Studies, vol. 27, no. 27, pp. I-VI. https://doi.org/10.22439/FS.V27I27.5887

Kierkegaard, S 2019, 'Editorial Commentary: The Gain in Pain After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: What Is Clinically Relevant, and Is Pain Related to Function in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome?', Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy & Related Surgery, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 2070-2071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2019.03.014

Andersen, CU & Cox, G 2019, 'Editorial - Feeling, Failure, Fallacies', A Peer-Reviewed Journal About, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 5-7. <https://aprja.net//article/download/115409/163720/>

Jørgensen, D 2019, 'Editorial Introduction for the Topical Issue “Experience in a New Key”', Open Philosophy, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 700-705. https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0052

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