Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Holm, TE & Balsby, TJS 2026, Hedelærke, overvågning af ynglefugle. DCE, Teknisk anvisning fra Fagdatacenter for Biodiversitet og Terrestrisk Natur, no. A175, vers. 3, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://ecos.au.dk/fileadmin/ecos/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA175Hedelaerke_v3.pdf>

Jørgensen, HHL 2026, Hellig Niels mellem kirke og kilde: Vandkult, vådlegemer og flydende materialitet i middelalderens Aarhus. in Aarhus Domkirke 825 år. Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Sharma, A, Khushika, , Chaudhary, M, Jana, PK & Parveen, N 2026, 'Helper lipids accelerate the mass transfer of cationic lipid nanoparticles resulting in an efficient gene delivery', Nanoscale, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1420-1432. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03142g

Jensen, S, Bryde, A, Nielsen, MS, Thomsen, LH, Nissen, JB , Højgaard, DRMA , Thomsen, PH & Hybel, KA 2026, 'Helpful and hindering factors in group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a qualitative study', BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-026-08007-y

Mikkelsen, SH 2026, 'Hemodynamics in the aging hippocampus', PhD, Aarhus University.

Olsen, FBH (Translator) 2026, Herbert Marcuse: Negationer: Udvalgte essays imod kapitalismens herredømme. translated by Frederik Boris Hylstrup Olsen, Multivers, København.

Mozaffari, A & Harvey, D 2026, Heritage-Border Complexes: Parallels, Possibilities and Consequences of Border-Straddling Heritage. in A Mozaffari & D Harvey (eds), Border-Straddling Heritages: Containment, Contestation and Appreciation of Shared Pasts. Berghahn Books, New York, pp. 1-32.

Arleth, T, Baekgaard, J, Rosenkrantz, O & Steinmetz, J 2026, 'Heterogeneity and confounding in the TRAUMOX2 randomised clinical trial-a reply', Annals of Translational Medicine, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 10. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-2025-1-169

Lonati, S & Wulff, J 2026, 'Hic Sunt Dracones: On the Risks of Comparing the ITCV With Control Variable Correlations', Journal of Management, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 801-827. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063241293126

Kjærsgaard Andersen, R, Riis, PT, Zachariae, C, Thomsen, SF, Quin, L, Dinh, KM, Banasik, K, Brunak, S, Hansen, T, Hjalgrim, H, Sørensen, E, Mikkelsen, C, Ullum, H, Nyegaard, M, Bruun, MT, Erikstrup, C, Ostrowski, SR, Eidsmo, L, Lindhardt Saunte, DM, Pedersen, OBV & Jemec, GBE 2026, 'Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Smoking, Obesity, Psoriasis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Systemic Sclerosis: Results From A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study', JAMA Dermatology, vol. 162, no. 2, pp. 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010

Sardini, B 2026, 'High diagnostic accuracy and early prediction for ectopic pregnancy in patients with pregnancy of unknown location- a multicentre cohort study', AJOG Global Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2026.100627

Slavensky, OL, Bromer, FD , Thomsen, JS & Brüel, A 2026, 'High doses of methylprednisolone causes substantial muscle loss with minimal impact on bone mass and architecture in C57BL/6JRj and RjOrl:SWISS mice', Scientific Reports, vol. 16, no. 1, 333. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29729-1

Nielsen, AB, Johansen, ND, Modin, D, Loiacono, MM, Harris, RC, Dufournet, M, Larsen, CS, Larsen, L, Wiese, L, Dalager-Pedersen, M, Claggett, BL, Janstrup, KH, Bartholdy, KV, Bernholm, KF, Borchsenius, JIMH, Davidovski, FS, Davodian, LW, Dons, M, Duus, LS, Espersen, C, Fussing, FH, Jensen, AMR, Landler, NE, Langhoff, ACF, Lassen, MCH, Ottosen, CI, Sengeløv, M, Skaarup, KG, Pareek, M, Müller-Wieland, D, Solomon, SD, Landray, MJ, Gislason, GH, Køber, L, Sivapalan, P, Martel, CJM, Jensen, JUS & Biering-Sørensen, T 2026, 'High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults With Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the DANFLU-2 Randomized Clinical Trial', JAMA Internal Medicine, vol. 186, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.7286

Booth, BB, Khare, SK, Blanes-Vidal, V, Bor, P, Nadimi, ES & Petersen, LK 2026, 'Higher Diagnostic Accuracy of an AI Model for Colposcopy Compared With Conventional and Digital Colposcopic Evaluation', Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. https://doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0000000000000931

Maasen, K, Mayen, AL, Hana, C, Knaze, V, van Greevenbroek, MMJ, Eussen, SJPM, Debras, C, Stehouwer, CDA, Tjønneland, A, Kyrø, C, Ibsen, DB , Dahm, CC, Mancini, F, Laouali, N, Hajji, M, Schulze, MB, Bajracharya, R, Katzke, V, Masala, G, Pasanisi, F, Milani, L, Pala, V, Mañé, MF, Moreno-Iribas, C, Rodriguez-Barranco, M, Yohar, SMC, Mokoroa, O, Papier, K, Weiderpass, E, Freisling, H, Wareham, NJ, Forouhi, NG, Christakoudi, S, Vangrieken, P, Jenab, M & Schalkwijk, CG 2026, 'Higher intake of dietary dicarbonyl compounds is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study', European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 65, no. 3, 98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-026-03904-0

Monemi, M, Rasti, M, Ali Mousavi, S, Latva-Aho, M & Haenggi, M 2026, 'Higher-Order Meta Distribution Reliability Analysis of Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 25, pp. 9672-9686. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3644807

Hutchings, NJ, Schoof, J, Mäenpää, M, Pacholski, A, Webb, J & Albrektsen, R 2026, 'Higher tier estimation of ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in emission inventories: data collation, methodology and analysis', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 540, 147438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147438

Naik, S, Fedosov, SN, Mahalle, N, Narawade, S, Nexo, E & Heegaard, CW 2026, 'High oral doses of vitamin B₁₂ in early pregnancy improve B₁₂ status of mother and child irrespective of subsequent supplementation a longitudinal study in B₁₂ insufficient Indian women supplemented with either milk, vitamin pills, or placebo', Biochimie. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2026.01.014

Konda, SR, Barik, P, Kumari, S, Singh, S, Mottamchetty, V, Srivasthava, A, Kim, VV, Ganeev, RA, Soma, VR, Guo, C & Li, W 2026, 'High-order harmonics generation in MoS₂ nanosheets in the presence of CdSe and CdSe/V₂O₅ quantum dots', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 128, no. 6, 061101. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313492

Banos, DT, Upadhyay, A, Cheng, Y, Jiang, J, Vasilakos, P, Nava, A, Ševera, P, Flueckiger, B, Bougiatioti, A, Sanchez De La Campa Verdona, AM, Schemmel, A, Alastuey, A, Vasanits, A, Font, A, Tobler, A, Bourin, A, Machon, A, Chazeau, B, Bergmans, B, Alves, CA, Voiron, C, Hueglin, C, Lin, C, Belis, CA, Colombi, C, Reche, C, Sanchezrodas Navarro, DA, Massabò, D, Green, DC, Cuccia, E, Freney, E, Giardi, F, Canonaco, F, Uzu, G, Chen, GI, Keernik, H, Flentje, H, Herrmann, H, Chebaicheb, H, Timonen, H, van der Gon, HD, Stavroulas, I, Salma, I, Schwarz, J, Necki, J, Sciare, J, Petit, JE, Jaffrezo, JL, Vasilescu, J, De La Rosa, JD, Pauraite, J, Ovadnevaite, J, Yttri, KE, Eleftheriadis, K, Poulain, L, Belegante, L, Alados-Arboledas, L, Manousakas, MI, Paglione, M, Maasikmets, M, Minguillón, MC, Gini, MI, Rinaldi, M, Pikridas, M, Aurela, M, Marchand, N, Zografou, O, Favez, O, Vodička, P, Pokorná, P, Lhotka, R, Atabakhsh, S, Conil, S, Castillo, S, Gilardoni, S, Platt, SM, Grange, SK, Poluzzi, V, Kumar, V, Riffault, V, Aas, W, Querol, X, Sosedova, Y, Probst-Hensch, N, Vienneau, D, Prévôt, ASH, de Hoogh, K, Daellenbach, KR, Krymova, E & Haddad, IE 2026, 'High-resolution modelling of organic aerosol over Europe: exploring spatial and temporal variability and drivers', Environment International, vol. 209, 110143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2026.110143

Teimouri, A, Fathollahi, A, Raeiszadeh, M, Rezaei, M & Mosavi, A 2026, 'High-Speed Fault Detection and Location Approach for Multilevel Inverters Using Deep Learning and Reliability Evaluation', IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, vol. 7, pp. 291-312. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2026.3651309

Ahmad, A, Gebreyesus, G, Wold, JP, Sonesson, AK, Berg, P & Difford, GF 2026, 'High-throughput NIR-based phenotyping for genomic prediction of feed intake and production traits in Atlantic Salmon', Aquaculture, vol. 611, 743006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743006

Cong, Y & Reggiori, F 2026, 'Hijacking a cellular highway: non-lipidated LC3 proteins and PCNT (pericentrin) drive influenza a virus uncoating', Autophagy, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 439-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2572527

Stisen, MG , Pedersen, AB , Kjeldsen, T , Foldager, FN , Lamm, M, Assenholt, A, Hvidberg, KL, Rasmussen, MK, Aalund, PK , Frandsen, CF, Holsgaard-Larsen, A, Haubro, MH, Bieler, T, Overgaard, S, Beck, T, Ingwersen, KG, Parner, ET & Mechlenburg, I 2026, 'Hip strengthening exercise compared to standard rehabilitation after revision hip replacement: a multicenter randomized controlled trial', Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 69, no. 4, 102076, pp. 102076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102076

Nicholl, MH, Schubert, N, Alstrup, AKO, Nielsen, OL, Höner, F, Hoffman, JI, Caspers, BA, Krüger, O, Spittau, B, Nichols, HJ & Winternitz, JC 2026, 'Histological analysis of scent glands in banded mongooses, with implications for chemical communication', Journal of Zoology, vol. 328, no. 1, pp. 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70081

Mortensen, D, Bang Overgaard, C, Alsner, J , Nyengaard, JR , Trine Tramm, & Sørensen, BS 2026, 'Histological characterization and quantification of late damage in mice after proton and photon irradiation', International Journal of Radiation Biology, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2026.2619559

Larsen, AH , Yates, MF, Tøndborg, B & Bjarnhof, R (eds) 2026, Historic House Museums: Nordic Perspectives. Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Arnórsdóttir, AS 2026, History of Iceland since the 1840s. in NA Witcombe (ed.), ‘Reimagining Norden in an Evolving World’ (ReNEW).. Södertörn University’s Issues of Contemporary History / Samtidshistoriska frågor series.

Gao, J & Yang, M 2026, 'Hölder regularity of harmonic functions on metric measure spaces', Advances in Mathematics, vol. 488, 110797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2026.110797

Chrenková, A, Nashier, P, Madsen, CL , Singh, M , Nielsen, J , Otzen, DE , Enghild, JJ, Macek, B, Skjerning, RB & Brodersen, DE 2026, 'Homologous HipA-like kinases are controlled by internal translational initiation and genetic organisation', FEBS Letters, vol. 600, no. 3, pp. 356-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70234

Kryger, P 2026, 'Honningpotentiale - opdaterede afgrødekoder, 2026', No. 2025-0926385, 3 p., Feb 13, 2026. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Chilvers, NJS, Vandendriessche, K, Moeslund, N, Berman, M, Brouckaert, J, Butt, T, Cardoso, B, Cools, B, Crossland, D, Dark, J, Henderson, P, Hulley, K, Jeyakanthan, M, Jungschleger, J, Kaul, P, Khawaja, M, Lenbroch, KV, McCheyne, A, Nassar, M, Rega, F, Reinhardt, Z, Simpson, E, Thomassen, M, Wallinder, A, Warburton, J, Wang, L & Kenny, L 2026, 'HOPE for children: successful pediatric DCD heart transplantation using hypothermic oxygenated perfusion', Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 494-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2025.09.020

Rattan, S 2026, Hormesis and Hormetins as Drugs for Health and Longevity. in Supplements and Drugs for Healthy Longevity. Springer, Cham, Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol. 22, pp. 461-468.

Wheler, J 2026, 'Hospital-diagnosed chronic diseases among colorectal cancer patients: prevalence and association with recurrence and mortality', PhD, Aarhus University.

Bray, K, Kristensen, NM, Gaardsted, PS, Møller, JE, Guldberg, TL & Klitgaard, TL 2026, 'Hospital rotations in general practitioner training: a scoping review of strengths, issues and concerns', Education for Primary Care, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2025.2609279

Liu, S, Wang, S, Zhang, J, Tao, C, Xu, X, Wang, Z, Lv, N, Dong, M, Shen, Z, Li, C, Yang, J, Li, R, Shen, Q & Kowalchuk, GA 2026, 'Host-mediated rhizosphere microbiome transfer suppresses Fusarium oxysporum in banana', New Phytologist. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71071

Ferraro, KM, Forbes, ES, Abraham, AJ & Monk, JD 2026, 'Hot spots or hot moments? Contextualizing the spatio-temporal scale of research on animal inputs', Ecography. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08351

Mogensen, SI 2026, 'Housing as an (Un)Happy Object: Affective Dynamics of Drug Use, Housing Insecurity, and Harm Reduction Among Women', Contemporary Drug Problems. https://doi.org/10.1177/00914509261427311

Allcock, R, Tanderup, K, Bertholet, J, Webster, A & Chuter, R 2026, 'How can a radiation oncology society support its members and the community to help reduce the carbon footprint of radiation oncology?', Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 216, 111361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111361

M. Blaabjerg-Zederkoff, D , Artak, CET & Lieberoth, A 2026, 'How Children Seek (or Avoid) Intergenerational Social Support in Their Online Lives: A qualitative analysis of children’s problematic and positive experiences with parental involvement', Global Studies of Childhood.

Vackova, P & Kucirkova, NI 2026, How Could Smells and Scents Elevate Picturebook Reading? in Children’s Literature to Read Our World: Text Selection and Strategies for Critical Refection. Routledge, New York, pp. 180-193. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003562450-15

Duval Jensen, J , Beedholm, K , Kolbæk, R & Ledderer, LK 2026, 'How digital documentation in electronic health records forms healthcare professionals’ identity', Qualitative Health Communication, vol. 5, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.7146/qhc.156787

Assmus, AM , Rosenbaek, LK & Fenton, RA 2026, 'How Does Dietary Potassium Influence BP?', Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.0000000988

Grønbæk, JE , Klokmose, CN & Hornbæk, K 2026, How Do Future Visions Shape the Field of Human-Computer Interaction? in CHI'26: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791038

Svejvig, P, Wildenradt, A, Fugl, T , Neville, M & Hansen, LK 2026, 'How do SMEs manage innovation projects compared to larger enterprises - and what drives success or failure? A resource-based view with capabilities', Paper presented at European Academy of Management 2026 at the School of Business and Law of the University of Agder, Kristiansand (Norway)., Kristianssand, Norway, 16/06/2026 - 19/06/2026.

Heide, C & Keppeler, F 2026, 'How Do Strikes and Lockouts Affect Applications to Danish Public Service Professional Education Programs? A Synthetic Control Analysis.', Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.70053

Mosgaard, MA, Bundgaard, AM & Haase, LM 2026, 'How Engagement Drives Circularity: Evidence from Eight Danish Construction Companies Extending Material and Product Lifespans', Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems.

During, S, Biskjaer, MM, Abrahamse, E & de Rooij, A 2026, How Epistemic Uncertainty Tolerance Affects Creative Idea Generation in Design. in Proceedings of the 2026 Design Research Society Conference (DRS 2026). Design Research Society, The 2026 Design Research Socity (DRS) Conference, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 08/06/2026.

Hallinan, B 2026, How I Got an ERC Starting Grant: The Idea, Application, Interview, and Evaluation.

Cárdenas-Egúsquiza, AL , Rubin, DC, Hoyle, RH & Berntsen, D 2026, 'How individual differences in autobiographical memory relate to morality', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 256, 113708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2026.113708

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