Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Svane, B , Tolborg, K , Jørgensen, MRV & Iversen, BB 2019, 'Electron densities of molecular crystals from powder X-ray diffraction'.

Svane, B 2019, 'Electron densities of organic molecular crystals from powder X-ray diffraction'.

Tolborg, K & Iversen, BB 2019, 'Electron Density Studies in Materials Research', Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 25, no. 66, pp. 15010-15029. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903087

Nguyen, DD, Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV & Spanget-Larsen, J 2019, 'Electronic states of dibenzo-p dioxin. A synchrotron radiation linear dichroism investigation', Chemical Physics, vol. 519, pp. 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.12.003

Jones, DB, Mendes, M, Limao-Vieira, P, da Silva, FF, Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV & Brunger, MJ 2019, 'Electronic Structure and VUV Photoabsorption Measurements of Thiophene', The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 150, no. 6, 064303. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089505

da Silva, FF, Varella, MTDN, Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV, Denifl, S, Bald, I & Kopyra, J 2019, 'Electron-induced reactions in 3-bromo-pyruvic acid', Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 25, no. 21, pp. 5498-5506. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201806132

Mahatha, SK , Ngankeu, AS, Hinsche, NF, Mertig, I, Guilloy, K , Matzen, PL , Bianchi, M , Sanders, CE , Miwa, JA, Bana, H, Travaglia, E, Lacovig, P, Bignardi, L, Lizzit, D, Larciprete, R, Baraldi, A, Lizzit, S & Hofmann, P 2019, 'Electron-phonon coupling in single-layer MoS2', Surface Science, vol. 681, pp. 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.11.012

Mason, NJ & Field, D 2019, Electrons in space: the final (and first) frontier. in O Ingólfsson (ed.), Low energy electrons: fundamentals and applications . Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Singapore , Singapore, pp. 371-406.

Ferapontova, EE 2019, 'Electron Transfer in DNA at Electrified Interfaces', Chemistry - An Asian Journal, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 3773-3781. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201901024

Wei, Z, Li, W, Zhao, D, Seo, Y, Spinney, R, Dionysiou, DD, Wang, Y, Zeng, W & Xiao, R 2019, 'Electrophilicity index as a critical indicator for the biodegradation of the pharmaceuticals in aerobic activated sludge processes', Water Research, vol. 160, pp. 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.057

Laustsen, A & Bak, RO 2019, Electroporation-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Using Cas9 Protein and Chemically Modified sgRNAs. in Y Luo (ed.), Methods in Molecular Biology: Methods and protocols. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1961, pp. 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9170-9_9

Jin, L, Ye, J, Wang, Y, Qian, X & Dong, M 2019, 'Electrospinning Synthesis of ZIF-67/PAN Fibrous Membrane with High-capacity Adsorption for Malachite Green', Fibers and Polymers, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2070-2077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-1196-7

Kristensen, EF , Kristensen, JK & Jerdig, MF 2019, Electrostatic Precipitators for Small Straw Boilers. in 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, Firenze, European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, pp. 419-425, 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lisbon, Portugal, 27/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.5071/27thEUBCE2019-2AO.2.3

Guedes, P, Mateus, EP, Fernandes, JP & Ribeiro, AB 2019, 'Electro-technologies for the removal of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole from naturally contaminated cork discs: Reactor design and proof of concept', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 361, pp. 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.040

Hvenegaard-Lassen, K & Staunæs, D 2019, 'Elefanten i (bede)rummet. Raciale forsvindingsnumre, stemningspolitik og idiomatisk diffraktion', Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, no. 1-2, pp. 44-57. https://doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v28i1-2.116116

Goodarzi, F, Gentzis, T, Sanei, H & Pedersen, PK 2019, 'Elemental Composition and Organic Petrology of a Lower Carboniferous-Age Freshwater Oil Shale in Nova Scotia, Canada', ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 24, pp. 20773-20786. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03227

Scott, JM, Smith, SAF, Tarling, MS, le Roux, PJ, Harris, C, Hoffmann, JE, Scherzer, S & Tulley, CJ 2019, 'Element and Sr–O isotope redistribution across a plate boundary-scale crustal serpentinite mélange shear zone, and implications for the slab-mantle interface', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 522, pp. 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.034

Palle, J , Wittig, NK, Grünewald, T, Kubec, A, Burghammer, M, Rosenthal, M & Birkedal, H 2019, 'Element distributions and crystallographic properties of human bone at <140 nm resolution in 2D and 3D', International Conferences on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues, Montebello, Canada, 21/10/2019 - 25/10/2019.

International Group of Dental Nomenclature 2019, 'Elements of morphology:Standard terminology for the teeth and classifying genetic dental disorders', American Journal of Medical Genetics - Part A, vol. 179, no. 10, pp. 1913-1981. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.61316

Nomdedeu Rull, A, Hernández Hernández , H, Maldonado González, C & Tarp, S 2019, El estatus de la lexicografía: Nuevas y variadas respuestas a una antigua cuestión. in C Calvo Rigual & F Robles i Sabater (eds), La investigación en lexicografía hoy: Diccionarios bilingües, lingüística y uso del diccionario. vol. II, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, pp. 699-734.

Ritsinger, V, Jensen, J, Ohm, D, Omerovic, E, Koul, S, Fröbert, O, Erlinge, D, James, S, Lagerqvist, B & Norhammar, A 2019, 'Elevated admission glucose is common and associated with high short-term complication burden after acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART study', Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 582-584. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164119871540

Hansen, S, Shanbhogue, VV, Jørgensen, NR & Beck-Nielsen, SS 2019, 'Elevated Bone Remodeling Markers of CTX and P1NP in Addition to Sclerostin in Patients with X-linked Hypophosphatemia: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 104, no. 6, pp. 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00526-z

Tom-Dery, D, Eller, F, Fromm, J, Jensen, K & Reisdorff, C 2019, 'Elevated CO₂ does not offset effects of competition and drought on growth of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) seedlings', Agroforestry Systems, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 1807-1819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0286-7

Laursen, EB , Fredsøe, J , Schmidt, L , Strand, S , Kristensen, H, Ildor Rasmussen, AK, Daugaard, TF, Mouritzen, P, Høyer, S, Kristensen, G, Stroomberg, HV, Brasso, K, Røder, MA, Borre, M & Sørensen, KD 2019, 'Elevated miR-615-3p Expression Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcome and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells', The American Journal of Pathology, vol. 189, no. 12, pp. 2377-2388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.007

Arendt, JF , Sorensen, HT, Horsfall, LJ & Petersen, I 2019, 'Elevated vitamin B12 levels and cancer risk in UK primary care: a THIN database cohort study', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 814-821. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1136

Skibsted, EB 2019, 'Elevens alsidige udvikling i skolen: en tilværelsespsykologisk intervention', Pædagogisk Psykologisk Tidsskrift, vol. 56, no. 5/6, pp. 48-70.

Kryger, N 2019, 'Elevens perspektiv: Børnene bliver uselvstændige i skole-hjem-samarbejdet', Folkeskolen, vol. 2019, no. 14, pp. 24-29. <https://www.folkeskolen.dk/847480/elevens-perspektiv-boernene-bliver-uselvstaendige-i-skole-hjem-samarbejdet>

Niss, M & Jankvist, UT (eds) 2019, Elevers svårigheter att lära sig matematik: hur de kan förstås och avhjälpas. Studentlitteratur, Lund.

Tiftikci, N 2019, 'Elevlæring og undervisningspraksis: Et mixed methods-interventionsstudie af formativ vurdering'.

Holflod, K, Erben, A & Aalborg Frandsen, C 2019, Elevperspektiver på ikt-integrerende samarbejdspraksisser i gymnasiet. Aalborg University.

Khazaei, H, Purves, RW, Hughes, J, Link, W, O'Sullivan, DM, Schulman, AH, Björnsdotter, E, Geu-Flores, F, Nadzieja, M , Andersen, SU , Stougaard, J, Vandenberg, A & Stoddard, FL 2019, 'Eliminating vicine and convicine, the main anti-nutritional factors restricting faba bean usage', Trends in Food Science and Technology, vol. 91, pp. 549-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.051

Jakobsen, M , Hermansen, JE , Andersen, HM-L , Jørgensen, U , Labouriau, R , Kongsted, AG & Rasmussen, J 2019, 'Elimination behavior and soil mineral nitrogen load in an organic system with lactating sows – comparing pasture-based systems with and without access to poplar (Populus sp.) trees', Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 639-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2018.1541039

Pedersen, KH & Svendsen, GT 2019, Elinor Ostrom: Statskundskabens klassikere. Statskundskabens klassikere, Djøf Forlag.

Sovacool, BK & Brisbois, MC 2019, 'Elite power in low-carbon transitions: A critical and interdisciplinary review', Energy Research and Social Science, vol. 57, 101242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101242

Tarp, S & Jensen, HD 2019, 'El tratamiento de adjetivos en diccionarios para aprendices extranjeros de español', Revista Internacional de Lenguas Extranjeras, no. 10, pp. 13-47. https://doi.org/10.17345/rile10

Baykal, GE , Van Mechelen, M, Göksun, T & Yantaç, AE 2019, 'Embedded figures in stories (EFiS): A method to observe preschoolers’ interactions with spatial manipulatives', International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, vol. 21, pp. 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2019.06.004

Macedo, HD , Nilsson, RS & Larsen, PG 2019, 'Embedding deviation-tolerance in a harvest logistic solution', Computers, vol. 8, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8020031

Francesconi, D & Gallagher, S 2019, Embodied Cognition and Sport Pedagogy. in M Cappuccio (ed.), Handbook of Embodied Cognition and Sport Psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 249-272. <http://cognet.mit.edu/book/handbook-of-embodied-cognition-and-sport-psychology>

Francesconi, D & Tarozzi, M 2019, Embodied Education and Education of the Body: the Phenomenological Perspective. in M Brinkmann, J Türstig & M Weber-Spanknebel (eds), Leib – Leiblichkeit – Embodiment: Pädagogische Perspektiven auf eine Phänomenologie des Leibes. Springer VS, Wiesbaden, pp. 229-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25517-6_12

Ekdahl, D & Ravn, S 2019, 'Embodied involvement in virtual worlds: the case of esports practitioners', Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 132-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2018.1475418

Nielsen, SH 2019, 'Embodying Ambiguous Borders: How borders in medicine inform bodily sensations experienced by women with presumed HPV vaccine side effects', Paper presented at CHCI Health and Medical Humanities Network Summer Institute , Paris, France, 14/06/2019 - 15/06/2019.

Heimann, K, Calbi, M, Uithol, S, Umilta, MA, Guerra, M, Fingerhut, J & Gallese, V 2019, 'Embodying the camera: An EEG study on the effect of camera movements on film spectators´ sensorimotor cortex activation', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 3, e0211026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211026

Kølvraa, CL 2019, 'Embodying ‘the Nordic Race’: imaginaries of Viking heritage in the online communication of ‘The Nordic Resistance Movement’', Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 270-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2019.1592304

Dalsgaard, C & Gislev Kjærsgaard, T 2019, 'Embracing Dropouts in MOOCs: Exploring Potentials of Invisible Learners', Journal of Interactive Media in Education, vol. 1, no. 1, 3, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.498

Callesen, H, Bøgh, IB & Greve, T 2019, Embryo transfer and other assisted reproductive technologies. in D Noakes, G England & TJ Parkinson (eds), Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 10 edn, Elsevier, pp. 778-805.

Signore, AV, Paijmans, JLA, Hofreiter, M, Fago, A , Weber, RE, Springer, MS & Campbell, KL 2019, 'Emergence of a Chimeric Globin Pseudogene and Increased Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity Underlie the Evolution of Aquatic Specializations in Sirenia', Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1134-1147. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz044

Milanese, E, Brink, T, Aghababaei, R & Molinari, JF 2019, 'Emergence of self-affine surfaces during adhesive wear', Nature Communications, vol. 10, 1116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09127-8

Baier, N, Geissler, A, Bech, M, Bernstein, D, Cowling, TE, Jackson, T, van Manen, J, Rudkjøbing, A & Quentin, W 2019, 'Emergency and Urgent Care Systems in Australia, Denmark, England, France, Germany and the Netherlands – Analyzing Organization, Payment and Reforms', Health Policy, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.11.001

Johansen, SG 2019, 'Emergency orders in the periodic-review inventory system with fixed ordering costs and stochastic lead times for normal orders', International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 209, pp. 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.01.017

Silote, GP, Sartim, A, Sales, A, Eskelund, A, Guimarães, FS, Wegener, G & Joca, S 2019, 'Emerging evidence for the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol and the underlying molecular mechanisms', Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol. 98, pp. 104-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.04.006

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