Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Serra, J, Marinheiro, J, Marques-dos-Santos, CSC, Graversgaard, M, Quemada, M, Lassaletta, L, Ros, GH, Giannini-Kurina, F, de Vries, W, Aguilera, E, van Grinsven, HJM, Hayashi, K, Mogollon, J, Sanz-Cobeña, A, Dalgaard, T & Butterbach-Bahl, K 2026, 'Evaluation of global research on agricultural nitrogen pollution between 1990 and 2023: Challenges for more efficacy and equity', Environmental Science and Policy, vol. 176, 104312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2026.104312

Tønning, LU 2026, 'Evaluation of periacetabular osteotomy in patients with hip dysplasia: an investigation of adverse events, functional performance, patient-reported outcomes and radiographic measurements (PhD Academy Award)', British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-111349

Dubernard, G, Devantay, C, Philip, CA, Warembourg, S, Nguyen-Ba, E, Dennis, T, Merlot, B & Roman, H 2026, 'Evaluation of rectal endometriosis treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound versus surgery: A clinical retrospective multicenter trial', International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 172, no. 2, pp. 1245-1254. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.70478

Andersen, K, Bonde, J, Waldstrøm, M , Jakobsen, MV , Lamy, P, Pedersen, H, Bønløkke, S , Stougaard, M & Steiniche, T 2026, 'Evaluation of targeted next-generation sequencing for detection of HPV genotypes and sublineages in cervical liquid-based cytology SurePath samples from the Danish screening program', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.70148

Liedke, GS , Christensen, J & Spin-Neto, R 2026, 'Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Structures and Conditions Using Dental-Dedicated MRI: A Feasibility Study', Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70071

Dormousoglou, M, Galiatsatos, I, Stathopoulou, P, Fragkouli, R, Antonopoulou, M, Fetzer, DEL, Corazza, ML, Triantafylidis, V, Tsiamis, G, Vlastos, D & Efthimiou, I 2026, 'Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Cyto-Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Activity of Dipteryx odorata Seed Extracts', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 27, no. 2, 561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020561

Welz, C 2026, Everything Starts with Listening: Theological Epistemology and Dialogical Life Orientation. in U Schmiedel, O Sigurdson & J Svenungsson (eds), Engaging Werner Jeanrond’s Theological Thinking: Starting Points. Bloomsbury T&T Clark, Bloomsbury.

Krænge, CE , Ehmsen, JF , Courtin, AS , Brændholt, M , Allen, MG & Fardo, F 2026, 'Evidence accumulation in temperature perception: Distinct effects of spatial summation and lateral inhibition', Cognition, vol. 272, 106489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106489

Kothari, M, Alves-Costa, S, Nascimento, GG, Belstrøm, DM, Aadal, L , Nielsen, JF & Kothari, SF 2026, 'Evidence-Based Mouth and Oral Health Individualised Treatment Plan in Adults With Acquired Brain Injury: A Cluster Nonrandomized Controlled Trial', Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70170

Kothari, M, Alves-Costa, S, Nascimento, GG, Belstrøm, D , Aadal, L , Nielsen, JF & Kothari, SF 2026, 'Evidence-based Mouth and Oral Health Individualized Treatment plan in adults with acquired brain injury: A cluster nonrandomized controlled trial: Individualized oral health care and brain injury', Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.

Gillies, N, Descamps, S, Huffeldt, NP, McKendrick, F, Anker-Nilssen, T, Bogdanova, M, Sandøy Bråthen, V, Chastel, O, Christensen-Dalsgaard, S, Daunt, F, Dehnhard, N, Ezhov, A, Fayet, AL, Frederiksen, M, Gavrilo, M, Hedd, A, Kolbeinsson, Y, Krasnov, YV, Labansen, A, Linnebjerg, J, Lorentsen, S-H, Merkel, F, Moe, B, Newell, M, Newton, S, Olsen, B, Reiertsen, T, Robertson, GJ, Strøm, H, Þórarinsson, ÞL & Patrick, SC 2026, 'Evidence for latitude-driven changes in diel rhythms in a wide-ranging seabird', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 293, no. 2067, 20252023. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.2023

Nielsen, YA & Christiansen, MH 2026, 'Evidence for the representation of non-hierarchical structures in language', Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02387-z

Im, U, Shindell, D, Tsigaridis, K, Bauer, S, Olivié, D, Wilson, S, Sørensen, LL , Langen, PL, Eckhardt, S, Höglund-Isaksson, L, Klimont, Z, Lindl, F & Bruhwiler, L 2026, 'Evolution of Near-Term Atmospheric Methane and Associated Temperature Response Under the Global Methane Pledge: Insights From an Earth System Model', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 53, no. 1, e2025GL118967. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL118967

Kiil, RM, Weber, U & Jurik, AG 2026, 'Evolution of osteitis condensans ilii-like sclerosis in first-time mothers by serial sacroiliac joint MRI during pregnancy and in the postpartum period', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ard.2025.08.007

Cunningham, EH, Lambart, S, Guo, P, Chatterjee, S, Tegner, C, Hartley, A, Morris, AM, Planke, S, Berndt, C, Alvarez Zarikian, CA, Betlem, P, Brinkhuis, H, Christopoulou, M, Ferré, EC, Filina, IY, Frieling, J, Harper, DT, Jones, MT, Longman, J, Millett, JM, Mohn, GTF, Scherer, RP, Varela, N, Xu, W & Yager, SL 2026, 'Evolution of the Source Mineralogy and Lithospheric Controls on Magmatism During the Northeast Atlantic Continental Breakup', Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol. 27, no. 2, e2025GC012556. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012556

Smolderen, KG, Tapia, C, Dennis, B, Callegari, S, Dahl, M, Lindholt, JS, Van Herzeele, I, Romain, G & Mena-Hurtado, C 2026, 'Evolving dynamic needs for patient-reported outcomes assessment in individuals with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): A systematic review', Vascular Medicine (United Kingdom). https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X261417234

Wittig, J & Lauridsen, KG 2026, 'Examining asynchronous intra-arrest ventilation through the prism of advanced airway devices – are all our tools equal?', Resuscitation, vol. 219, 110958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2026.110958

Frahm, J & Labriet, Q 2026 'Exceptional theta correspondences via Plancherel formulas for rank one symmetric spaces'. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.11401

Bitsch, RS 2026, 'Expanding the Horizons of Asymmetric Aminocatalytic Cycloadditions', PhD, Aarhus University.

Kylies, D, Heil, HS, Vesga, AG, Del Rosario, M, Schwerk, M, Kuehl, M , Wong, MN , Puelles, VG & Henriques, R 2026, 'Expansion and fluctuations-enhanced microscopy for nanoscale molecular profiling of cells and tissues', Nature Protocols, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 107-139. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01178-0

Aagaard, J & Rosenberger, RJ 2026, Experience Without Essentialism: On 'Posting' Phenomenology. in J Monforte & B Smith (eds), The Critical Posthumanities and Postqualitative Inquiry in Psychology: Supporting Connoisseurship and Inviting Deliberation. pp. 55-73. <https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003753087-4/experience-without-essentialism-posting-phenomenology-jesper-aagaard-robert-rosenberger?context=ubx&refId=e387cdcd-a3b4-4aa6-b45a-f7f97f0c62b9>

Behar, V 2026, 'Experiencing Health (In)Visibility: Attention in Digital (Self-)Surveillance', Surveillance Studies Network conference, Lille, France, 09/06/2026 - 12/06/2026.

Munk, FB, Hesselvig, J, Nygaard, RT & Sandberg, M 2026 'Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Crystallization Kinetics in Selective Laser Sintering' engrXiv. https://doi.org/10.31224/6520

Ardestani, SS, Lorenzo, IA, da Conceição Monteiro, R, de Carvalho, ACH, Bonjardim, LR, Exposto, FG, Marcondes, FK & Costa, YM 2026, 'Experimental Pain Research as an Effective Active Learning Method for Pain Education', Journal of Dental Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.70158

Larsen, PG , Nielsen, AEB, Eckardt, A & Petiziol, F 2026, 'Experimental protocol for observing single quantum many-body scars with transmon qubits', SciPost Physics, vol. 20, no. 36, 036. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.14613, https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.20.2.036

Christensen, J, Hesstvedt, S, Pronin, K, Holst, C, Christiansen, PM & Holli, AM 2026, 'Experts in governance: a comparative analysis of the Nordic countries', Policy and Politics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 163-187. https://doi.org/10.1332/03055736Y2025D000000079

Arends, C , Bang-Jensen, FJ & Frahm, J 2026, 'Explicit Hilbert spaces for the unitary dual of rank one orthogonal groups and applications', Advances in Mathematics, vol. 491, 110868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2026.110868

Green, K 2026, 'EXPLORATIONS IN B-CELL IMMUNITY: From antigen recognition to adaptive specificity and effector function', PhD, Aarhus University.

Liu, A, Zhao, Y, Zhu, J, Wei, T, Hao, K, Yang, L, Arias, CA & Baeza, JA 2026, 'Exploring advanced measures of constructed wetland for the improved removal of emerging contaminants', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 401, 129005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129005

Mu, Q 2026, 'Exploring Backchannel Communication in Hybrid Meetings', Aarhus University.

Vettore, MV, Lopes, CDS, Miliauskas, CR, Soares, FC, Loureiro, FM, Stea, TH & Faerstein, E 2026, 'Exploring bidirectional links between body mass index and mental health: The role of intersectionality in the Pro-Saude cohort study', Psychiatry Research, vol. 360, 117099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117099

Khan, AS , Trosborg, KK , Vaeggemose, M , Gaemelke, T , Hansen, ESS , Christensen, NV , Miller, J, Schulte, RF, Tørring, CW , Dalgas, U , Hvid, LG & Laustsen, C 2026, 'Exploring brain glucose metabolism in multiple sclerosis: A deuterium metabolic imaging study', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, pp. 271678X261437569. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X261437569

Akbar, H, Abro, GEM, Baloch, SK, Khan, TA, Memon, I, Nasir, H & Memon, SA 2026, 'Exploring carbon nanotube-copper composites for enhanced induction motor design in electrical vehicles', Scientific Reports, vol. 16, no. 1, 3505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32761-w

Nielsen, M, Vistisen, P, Inie, N & Biskjaer, MM 2026, Exploring Current Understandings of ‘Design Systems’: Toward a Conceptual Framework. in Proceedings of the 2026 Design Research Society Conference (DRS 2026). Design Research Society, The 2026 Design Research Socity (DRS) Conference, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 08/06/2026.

Best Jensen, R , Kjølhede, M , Just, J, Clegg, L-A, Baek, R, Kaadt, E , Elfving, B, Hess, DC, Andersen, G, Jørgensen, MM, Blauenfeldt, RA & Drasbek, KR 2026, 'Exploring extracellular vesicle surface markers and microRNA regulation following remote ischemic conditioning in patients with stroke: a randomized-controlled pilot study', BMC Neuroscience, vol. 27, no. 1, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-025-00993-1

Bauer, GB, Cook, PF, Harley, HE, Bruck, J, Cosentino, M, Deutsch, CJ, Erdsack, N, Fellner, W, Gunnars, T, Manitzas Hill, H, Kumar, SV, Lilley, MK, McHugh, KA, Moore, J, Moron, JR, Ravignani, A, Reep, RL, Rycyk, AM, Sayigh, LS, Szegedi, A, Toms, C & Wells, RS 2026, 'Exploring Marine Mammal Cognition as a Conservation Tool', Marine Mammal Science, vol. 42, no. 1, e70114. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70114

Sakoglu, U, Dietz, M & Kallioniemi, E 2026, 'Exploring neuromodulation and neuroimaging techniques for psychiatric disorders: insights from preclinical and clinical studies', Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 20, 1790803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2026.1790803

Hansen, MM, Gundtoft, PH , Stilling, M, Ding, M, Viberg, B & Abrahamsen, C 2026, 'Exploring patient perspectives of younger adults with complications after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures: A qualitative study', International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, vol. 60, 101252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101252

Latham, AJ, Li, R, Miller, K & Yu, W 2026, 'Exploring People’s Normative Judgements About Future Bias and The Temporal Value Asymmetry', Erkenntnis. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-026-01083-2

Wang, J, Yang, K, Klausen, LH, Song, C, Ma, Z, Zhang, H, Liu, L & Dong, M 2026, 'Exploring Photoacoustic Vibration of Quartz for Constructing a Versatile Photoacoustic Sensor', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 4609-4617. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05747

Conti, L, Ridolfi, A, Borup, A, van Herwijnen, MJC, Nejsum, P, Wauben, MHM, Albonetti, C, Valle, F & Brucale, M 2026, 'Exploring poly-L-lysine-based particle capture for atomic force microscopy studies of extracellular vesicles', Journal of Microscopy. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70060

Hansen, IB , Hansen, RR , Holt, AE & Prilop, CN 2026, 'Exploring reflective vs. Instructional AI feedback on students' abstract writing', NERA (The Nordic Educational Research Association) Conference 2026, Aarhus, Denmark, 04/03/2026 - 06/03/2026.

Aagesen, M, Pilegaard, MS, Jørgesen, DS, Hauken, MA & la Cour, K 2026, 'Exploring the Acceptability of an Age-Specific Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program for Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Feasibility Study', Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, pp. 21565333261416758. https://doi.org/10.1177/21565333261416758

Coghlan, D, Coughlan, P, O’Leary, D, Rigg, C, Powell, D & Saabye, H 2026, 'Exploring the Contribution of Action Learning to Transdisciplinary Research', Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/00218863251369535

Jensen, JS, Petz, AK, Nielsen, T, Pedersen, LJ, Overgaard, EG, Blinkenberg, M, Dalgas, U, Aagaard, P, Anthonisen, M & Bojsen-Møller, J 2026, 'Exploring the Effects of a 10-Day Ocean Sailing Intervention in People With Multiple Sclerosis: The Oceans of Hope Project', International Journal of MS Care, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 55-64. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2025-045

Jensen, AV, Isotalo, V & Tromborg, MW 2026, 'Exploring Their Options? Tracking How Voters Actually Use Voting Advice Applications', Politics and Governance, vol. 14.

Lyngsøe Hvidberg, K, Østergaard, HK, Aalkjær, G, Villumsen, S , Elmengaard, B , Christiansen, DH & Budtz, CR 2026, 'Exploring the lived experiences of patients with scapula alata: a qualitative study', Disability and Rehabilitation, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2026.2630799

Fredslund, EK, Londero, LS & Buhl, CS 2026, 'Exploring the societal cost of major lower limb amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes – A nation-wide and matched register study using difference in difference analysis', Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, vol. 40, no. 5, 109310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2026.109310

Agergaard, TE , Nielsen, KH , Labouriau, R & Fage-Butler, A 2026, 'Exploring Trust and Literacy in Engagement with Generative AI and Science Information Behavior', Media and Communication, vol. 14, 11357. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.11357

de Crom, TOE, Scholten, B, Traini, E, van der Sanden, K, Kingma, B, Pekel, F, Ghosh, M, Notø, H, Turner, MC, Alba Hidalgo, MA, Klous, L, Albin, M, Kolstad, HA, Selander, J, Ge, C & Pronk, A 2026, 'Exposure to heat at work: development of a quantitative European job exposure matrix (heat JEM)', Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 7-18. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4243

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