Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Rodrigues-Oliveira, T, Souza, AA, Kruger, RH, Schuster, B, Freitas, SM & Kyaw, CM 2019, 'Environmental factors influence the Haloferax volcanii S-layer protein structure.', PLoS One.

Parker, KM, Barragán Borrero, V, Van Leeuwen, DM, Lever, MA, Mateescu, B & Sander, M 2019, 'Environmental Fate of RNA Interference Pesticides: Adsorption and Degradation of Double-Stranded RNA Molecules in Agricultural Soils', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 3027-3036. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05576

Marshall, IPG , Ren, G , Jaussi, M , Lomstein, BA , Jørgensen, BB , Røy, H & Kjeldsen, KU 2019, 'Environmental filtering determines family-level structure of sulfate-reducing microbial communities in subsurface marine sediments', ISME Journal, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1920-1932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0387-y

Magura, T & Lövei, GL 2019, 'Environmental filtering is the main assembly rule of ground beetles in the forest and its edge but not in the adjacent grassland', Insect Science, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12504

Mouton, TL, Matheson, FE, Stephenson, F, Champion, PD, Wadhwa, S, Hamer, MP, Catlin, A & Riis, T 2019, 'Environmental filtering of native and non-native stream macrophyte assemblages by habitat disturbances in an agricultural landscape', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 659, pp. 1370-1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.277

Villar Ezcurra, M, Milne, JE, Ashiabor, H & Andersen, MS (eds) 2019, Environmental Fiscal Challenges for Cities and Transport. Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation, vol. XXI, Edward Elgar Publishing.

Pedersen, OW 2019, Environmental Law and Constitutional and Public Law. in The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Environmental Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1073-1090.

Dorca-Preda, T , Mogensen, L , Kristensen, T & Knudsen, MT 2019, 'Environmental life cycle assessment of Danish pork – focusing on mitigation options', 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science EAAP 2019, Ghent, Belgium, Ghent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019 pp. 650.

Itzhacki, J, Te Lindert, BHW, van der Meijden, WP, Kringelbach, ML, Mendoza, J & Van Someren, EJW 2019, 'Environmental light and time of day modulate subjective liking and wanting', Emotion (Washington, D.C.), vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000402

Sharma, I, Kumar, A & Lindgren, P 2019, Environmental Management for Sustainable Development (Denmark). in The 22nd International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications. IEEE, International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC, 22nd International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, 24/11/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC48795.2019.9096111

Søndergaard, J 2019, Environmental monitoring at the former Seqi olivine mine in Southwest Greenland 2011-2018. Scientific Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 319, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus.

Mohammadi, A, Sandberg, M, Venkatesh, G, Eskandari, S, Dalgaard, T, Joseph, S & Granström, K 2019, 'Environmental performance of end-of-life handling alternatives for paper-and-pulp-mill sludge: Using digestate as a source of energy or for biochar production', Energy, vol. 182, pp. 594-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.065

Pedersen, AB , Nielsen, HØ & Daugbjerg, C 2019, 'Environmental policy mixes as a necessity in a world of multiple target group motivations and decision-making rationales: Matching agri-environmental policy instruments to farmer motivations', Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning JEPP@21 Workshop, Berlin, Germany, 09/09/2019 - 10/09/2019.

Khan, A, Plana-Ripoll, O , Antonsen, S , Brandt, J , Geels, C, Landecker, H, Sullivan, PF, Pedersen, CB & Rzhetsky, A 2019, 'Environmental pollution is associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders in the US and Denmark', PLoS Biology, vol. 17, no. 8, e3000353, pp. 3000353. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000353

Ahmed, U, Golgeci, I, Bayraktar, E & Tatoglu, E 2019, 'Environmental practices and firm performance in emerging markets: The mediating role of product quality', Production Planning & Control, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2018.1542514

Garcia-Porta, J, Irisarri, I, Kirchner, M, Rodríguez, A, Kirchhof, S, Brown, JL, MacLeod, A, Turner, AP, Ahmadzadeh, F, Albaladejo, G, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J, De la Riva, I, Fawzi, A, Galán, P, Göçmen, B, Harris, DJ, Jiménez-Robles, O, Joger, U, Jovanović Glavaš, O, Karış, M, Koziel, G, Künzel, S, Lyra, M, Miles, D, Nogales, M, Oğuz, MA, Pafilis, P, Rancilhac, L, Rodríguez, N, Rodríguez Concepción, B, Sanchez, E, Salvi, D, Slimani, T, S’khifa, A, Qashqaei, AT, Žagar, A, Lemmon, A, Moriarty Lemmon, E, Carretero, MA, Carranza, S, Philippe, H, Sinervo, B, Müller, J, Vences, M & Wollenberg Valero, KC 2019, 'Environmental temperatures shape thermal physiology as well as diversification and genome-wide substitution rates in lizards', Nature Communications, vol. 10, no. 1, 4077. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11943-x

Wegeberg, S , Fritt-Rasmussen, J & Gustavson, K 2019, 'Environment and oil spill response (EOS) - An analytic tool for environmental assessments to support oil spill response planning', Paper presented at 42nd Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program - Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response, AMOP 2019, Halifax, Canada, 04/06/2019 - 06/06/2019 pp. 367-374.

Rasmussen, MK & Hemmert, F 2019, Envisioning future challenges and possibilities for shape-changing interfaces through speculative scenarios. in F Alt, A Bulling & T Doring (eds), Mensch und Computer 2019, MuC 2019 - Tagungsband. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 487-492, 2019 Conference on Mensch und Computer, MuC 2019, Hamburg, Germany, 08/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3344444

Hughes, G, Mehtta, M, Bresciani, C & Strange, S (eds) 2019, 'Envy and Greed: Ugly Emotions and the Politics of Accusation', The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1-109. <https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/cja/37/2/cja.37.issue-2.xml>

Keller, JG , Stougaard, M & Knudsen, BR 2019, Enzymatic activity in single cells. in NL Allbritton & ML Kovarik (eds), Enzyme Activity in Single Cells. Elsevier, Methods in Enzymology, vol. 628, pp. 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.003

He, Y, Wang, X, Guo, Z, Jiang, Y & Chen, F 2019, 'Enzymatic ethanolysis subjected to Schizochytrium biomass: Sequential processing for DHA enrichment and biodiesel production', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 184, pp. 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.051

Skov, K , Oxfeldt, M , Thøgersen, R , Hansen, M & Bertram, HC 2019, 'Enzymatic hydrolysis of a collagen hydrolysate enhances postprandial absorption rate-a randomized controlled trial', Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 5, 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051064

Engel, J , Cordellier, A , Huang, L & Kara, S 2019, 'Enzymatic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactones: Traditional Approaches and Alternative Strategies', ChemCatChem, vol. 11, no. 20, pp. 4983-4997. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900976

Dominguez de Maria, P, Guajardo, N & Kara, S 2019, Enzyme catalysis: In DES, with DES, and in the presence of DES. in DJ Ramón & G Guillena (eds), Deep Eutectic Solvents: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Wiley, Weinheim, pp. 257-271. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527818488.ch13

Madsen, CV, Christensen, EI , Nielsen, R, Mogensen, H, Rasmussen, ÅK & Feldt-Rasmussen, U 2019, 'Enzyme Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy in Fabry Patients: Review of Published Cases of Live Births and a New Case of a Severely Affected Female with Fabry Disease and Pre-eclampsia Complicating Pregnancy', JIMD Reports , vol. 44, pp. 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/8904_2018_129

Mallonn, M, Von Essen, C, Herrero, E, Alexoudi, X, Granzer, T, Sosa, M, Strassmeier, KG, Bakos, G, Bayliss, D, Brahm, R, Bretton, M, Campos, F, Carone, L, Colón, KD, Dale, HA, Dragomir, D, Espinoza, N, Evans, P, Garcia, F, Gu, SH, Guerra, P, Jongen, Y, Jordán, A, Kang, W, Keles, E, Kim, T, Lendl, M, Molina, D, Salisbury, M, Scaggiante, F, Shporer, A, Siverd, R, Sokov, E, Sokova, I & Wünsche, A 2019, 'Ephemeris refinement of 21 hot Jupiter exoplanets with high timing uncertainties ?', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 622, A81. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834194

Johansen, M-L 2019, 'Epidemic Policing: Reconfigurations of the Muslim 'other' as a figure of fear', Paper presented at ICSRU Workshop, 10/04/2019 - 10/04/2019.

Schepers, H, Hausladen, H, Hansen, JG , Abuley, IK, Andersson, B, Liljeroth, E, Edin, E, Bain, R, Kennedy, C, Ritchie, F, Gaucher, D, Bugiani, R, Ivanovic, Z, Hermeziu, M, Kildea, S, Filippov, A, Kuznetsova, M, Hannukkala, A, Eikemo, H, Osowski, J, Puidet, B, Kiiker, R, Musa, T, Sullam, K, Ronis, A, Vogelaar, K & Vanhaverbeke, P 2019, Epidemics and control of early & late blight, 2017 & 2018 in Europe. in HTAM Schepers (ed.), Proceedings of the seventeenth Euroblight Workshop. Special Report, no. 19, pp. 11-34, Seventeenth Euroblight Workshop, York, United Kingdom, 12/05/2019.

Alstrup, AKO 2019, 'Epidemiologiske studier overestimerer betydningen af kostanbefalinger', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift, vol. 2019, no. 12, pp. 28.

Dayie, NT, Baffuor-Asare, M, Labi, AK, Obeng-Nkrumah, N, Olayemi, E, Lartey, M, Slotved, HC & Donkor, ES 2019, 'Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Carriage among HIV-Infected Individuals in the Conjugate Vaccine Era: A Study in Southern Ghana', BioMed Research International, vol. 2019, 3427174. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3427174

Mathiasen, VD , Eiset, AH, Andersen, PH, Wejse, C & Lillebaek, T 2019, 'Epidemiology of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Denmark: A nationwide register-based study', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 8, e0221232, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221232

Sandahl, TD & Ott, P 2019, Epidemiology of Wilson Disease. in Wilson Disease: Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Monitoring. Elsevier, pp. 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811077-5.00007-4

Kirkevang, LL & Vaeth, M 2019, Epidemiology, treatment outcome, and risk factors for apical periodontitis. in Essential Endodontology: Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis. Wiley, pp. 143-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119272014.ch5

Nielsen, BO , Nielsen, LB & Toft, S 2019, 'Epigaeic Diptera Brachycera from the coastal sand dunes of National Park Thy, Denmark', Entomologiske Meddelelser, vol. 87, no. 1-2, pp. 19-40. <https://www.entomologiskforening.org/entomologiske-meddelelser/artikler/bind-87>

Biffi, S, De Souza, CM & Firbank, LG 2019, 'Epigeal fauna of urban food production sites show no obvious relationships with soil characteristics or site area', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 286, 106677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106677

Viuff, M , Skakkebæk, A , Nielsen, MM , Chang, S & Gravholt, CH 2019, 'Epigenetics and genomics in Turner syndrome', American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31683

Nørgaard, M , Haldrup, C , Bjerre, MT , Høyer, S , Ulhøi, B , Borre, M & Sørensen, KD 2019, 'Epigenetic silencing of MEIS2 in prostate cancer recurrence', Clinical Epigenetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 147, pp. 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-019-0742-x

Hübel, C, Marzi, SJ, Breen, G & Bulik, CM 2019, 'Epigenetics in eating disorders: a systematic review', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 901-915. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0254-7

Malinowska, M , Nagy, I , Ruud, AK , Bjarup Hansen, P, Svane, SF, Wagemaker, CAM, Krusell, L, Eriksen, B, Jahoor, A, Jensen, JD, Fè, D, Lenk, I, Greve, M, Eriksen, LB, Thorup-Kristensen, K, Jensen, CS & Asp, T 2019, 'Epigenetics of drought responses in spring barley and perennial ryegrass', The Plant and Animal Genome XXVII Conference (PAG) 2019, San Diego, United States, 12/01/2019 - 16/01/2019.

Schulz, WA & Sørensen, KD 2019, 'Epigenetics of Urological Cancers', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 19, 4775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194775

Grønbæk, ES & Sommer, D 2019, 'Epigenetik og udviklingstransaktioner i den tidlige tilknytningsrelation', Psyke & Logos, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 189-207. <https://tidsskrift.dk/psyke/article/download/117818/165829/>

Starnawska, A, Tan, Q, Soerensen, M, McGue, M, Mors, O , Børglum, AD, Christensen, K, Nyegaard, M & Christiansen, L 2019, 'Epigenome-wide association study of depression symptomatology in elderly monozygotic twins', Translational Psychiatry, vol. 9, no. 1, 214. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0548-9

Bueter, A 2019, 'Epistemic Injustice and Psychiatric Classification', Philosophy of Science, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1064-1074. https://doi.org/10.1086/705443

Heymann, M & Dahan Dalmedico, A 2019, 'Epistemology and Politics in Earth System Modeling: Historical Perspectives', Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1139-1152. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001526

Stan, RM , Mahatha, SK , Bianchi, M , Sanders, CE , Curcio, D , Hofmann, P & Miwa, JA 2019, 'Epitaxial single-layer NbS2 on Au(111): Synthesis, structure, and electronic properties', Physical Review Materials, vol. 3, no. 4, 044003. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.044003

Hansen, BB 2019, 'Epstein', Dagbladet Information.

Al Masud, HMA, Yanagi, Y, Watanabe, T, Sato, Y, Kimura, H & Murata, T 2019, 'Epstein-barr virus BBRF2 is required for maximum infectivity', Microorganisms, vol. 7, no. 12, 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120705

Bager, P, Olesen, L, Baltzer, R, Borre, M & Aagaard, NK 2019, 'Equal efficacy of gastric and jejunal tube feeding in liver cirrhosis and/or alcoholic hepatitis: A randomised controlled trial', EASL 2019, Wien, Austria, 10/04/2019 - 14/04/2019.

Olesen, LK, Bager, P, Baltzer, R, Borre, M & Aagaard, NK 2019, 'Equal efficacy of gastric and jejunal tube feeding in liver cirrhosis and/or alcoholic hepatitis - A randomised controlled trial', ESPEN, Krakow, Poland, 31/08/2019 - 03/09/2019.

Koppens, D , Rytter, S , Munk, S , Dalsgaard, J , Sørensen, OG , Hansen, TB & Stilling, M 2019, 'Equal tibial component fixation of a mobile-bearing and fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled RSA study with 2-year follow-up', Acta Orthopaedica, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 575-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2019.1639965

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen