Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Ahlqvist, VH, Persson, M, Magnusson, C & Berglind, D 2019, 'Elective and nonelective cesarean section and obesity among young adult male offspring: A Swedish population-based cohort study', PLOS Medicine, vol. 16, no. 12, e1002996. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002996

Green-Pedersen, C & Jensen, C 2019, 'Electoral competition and the welfare state', West European Politics, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 803-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1565736

Stephansen, C , Sommer, A , Kronborg, MB , Jensen, JM , Nørgaard, BL , Gerdes, C , Kristensen, J , Jensen, HK , Fyenbo, DB , Bouchelouche, K & Nielsen, JC 2019, 'Electrically vs. imaging-guided left ventricular lead placement in cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomized controlled trial', EP Europace, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1369-1377. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz184

Lévy, L, Maurya, PK, Byrdina, S, Vandemeulebrouck, J, Sigmundsson, F, Árnason, K, Ricci, T, Deldicque, D, Roger, M, Gibert, B & Labazuy, P 2019, 'Electrical resistivity tomography and time-domain induced polarization field investigations of geothermal areas at Krafla, Iceland: Comparison to borehole and laboratory frequency-domain electrical observations', Geophysical Journal International, vol. 218, no. 3, ggz240, pp. 1469-1489. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz240

Costard, LS, Neubert, V, Venø, MT , Su, J , Kjems, J, Connolly, NMC, Prehn, JHM, Schratt, G, Henshall, DC, Rosenow, F & Bauer, S 2019, 'Electrical stimulation of the ventral hippocampal commissure delays experimental epilepsy and is associated with altered microRNA expression', Brain Stimulation, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1390-1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.009

Bastholm, SK , Aadal, L & Lundquist, C 2019, 'Electrical stimulation on urinary symptoms following stroke: a systematic review', European Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/21679169.2018.1472634

Karabiber, OA & Xydis, G 2019, 'Electricity price forecasting in the Danish day-ahead market using the TBATS, ANN and ARIMA methods', Energies, vol. 12, no. 5, 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12050928

Ramírez Vargas, CA , Arias, CA , Carvalho, PN & Brix, H 2019, 'Electric Potential in Electroactive Biofilm-based Constructed Wetlands: Current flow density as a performance indicator', WETPOL2019: 8th International Symposium on Wetland Pollutants Dynamics and Control, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/06/2019 - 21/06/2019 pp. 121. <http://wetpol.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Book_of_Abstracts_WETPOL2019.pdf>

Khooban, MH, Gheisarnezhad , M, Vafamand, N & Boudjadar, J 2019, 'Electric Vehicle Power Propulsion System Control Based on Time-Varying Fractional Calculus: Implementation and Experimental Results', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 4, no. 2, 8671754, pp. 255-264. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2019.2904415

Hiep Nguyen, V, Kim, J, Tabassian, R, Kotal, M, Jun, K, Oh, J-H, Son, J-M, Taha Manzoor, M, Kim, KJ & Oh, I-K 2019, 'Electroactive artificial muscles based on functionally antagonistic core-shell polymer electrolyte derived from PS-b-PSS block copolymer.', Advanced Science, vol. 6, no. 5, 1801196. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201801196

Ramírez-Vargas, CA , Arias, CA , Carvalho, P , Zhang, L, Esteve-Núñez, A & Brix, H 2019, 'Electroactive biofilm-based constructed wetland (EABB-CW): A mesocosm-scale test of an innovative setup for wastewater treatment', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 659, pp. 796-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.432

Carvalho, PN 2019, 'Electroactive biofilms for persistent organic pollutants degradation'.

Kékedy-Nagy, L , Shipovskov, S & Ferapontova, EE 2019, 'Electrocatalysis of ferricyanide reduction mediated by electron transfer through the DNA duplex: kinetic analysis by thin layer voltammetry', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 318, pp. 703-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.117

Ferapontova, E 2019, 'Electrochemical biosensors for bacterial analysis', Euroanalysis XX, Turkey, 01/09/2019 pp. 18.

Ferapontova, E 2019, 'Electrochemistry of Nucleic Acids: Electrochemical Studies and Biosensor Applications', RSC - Tokyo International Conference 2019: Versatile Analytical Electrochemistry, Japan, 04/09/2019 pp. 9.

Landau, A , Alstrup, AKO , Noer, O , Winterdahl, M , Audrain, H , Møller, A, Videbech, P, Wegener, G , Gjedde, A & Doudet, DJ 2019, 'Electroconvulsive stimulation differentially affects [¹¹C]MDL100,907 binding to cortical and subcortical 5HT_2A receptors in porcine brain', Journal of Psychopharmacology, vol. 33, no. 6, 269881119836212, pp. 714-721. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119836212

Bjørnshauge, D, Hjerrild, S & Videbech, P 2019, 'Electroconvulsive Therapy Practice in the Kingdom of Denmark: A Nationwide Register- and Questionnaire-Based Study', The journal of ECT, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 258-263. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000000586

Maghbool, R, Nazari, P & Rahman Setayesh, S 2019, Electro-Fenton-like process for treatment of aqueous solution of MO dye. in 22nd Iranian Physical Chemistry Conferenc. 22nd Iranian Physical Chemistry Conference, Zanjan, Iran, Islamic Republic of, 20/08/2019.

Guedes, P, Lopes, V, Couto, N, Mateus, EP, Pereira, CS & Ribeiro, AB 2019, 'Electrokinetic remediation of contaminants of emergent concern in clay soil: Effect of operating parameters', Environmental Pollution, vol. 253, pp. 625-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.040

Arminio-Ravelo, JA, Jensen, AW , Jensen, KD , Quinson, J & Escudero-Escribano, M 2019, 'Electrolyte Effects on the Electrocatalytic Performance of Iridium-Based Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution in Rotating Disc Electrodes', ChemPhysChem, vol. 20, no. 22, pp. 2956-2963. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201900902

Duez, L , Tankisi, H , Hansen, PO , Sidenius, PC, Sabers, A, Pinborg, LH, Fabricius, ME, Rásonyi, G, Rubboli, G, Pedersen, B, Leffers, A-M, Uldall, P, Jespersen, B, Brennum, J, Henriksen, OM, Fuglsang-Frederiksen, A & Beniczky, S 2019, 'Electromagnetic source imaging in presurgical workup of patients with epilepsy: A prospective study', Neurology, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. e576-e586. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006877

Naserbakht, S , Næsby, A & Dantan, AR 2019, 'Electromechanics in vertically coupled nanomembranes', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 115, no. 6, 061105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5108788

Chattopadhyay, S & Madsen, LB 2019, 'Electron correlation effects in enhanced ionization of diatomic molecules in near-infrared fields', Physical Review A, vol. 99, no. 2, 023424. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.023424

Svane, B , Tolborg, K , Jørgensen, MRV & Iversen, BB 2019, 'Electron densities of molecular crystals from powder X-ray diffraction'.

Svane, B 2019, 'Electron densities of organic molecular crystals from powder X-ray diffraction'.

Tolborg, K & Iversen, BB 2019, 'Electron Density Studies in Materials Research', Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 25, no. 66, pp. 15010-15029. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903087

Nguyen, DD, Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV & Spanget-Larsen, J 2019, 'Electronic states of dibenzo-p dioxin. A synchrotron radiation linear dichroism investigation', Chemical Physics, vol. 519, pp. 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.12.003

Jones, DB, Mendes, M, Limao-Vieira, P, da Silva, FF, Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV & Brunger, MJ 2019, 'Electronic Structure and VUV Photoabsorption Measurements of Thiophene', The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 150, no. 6, 064303. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089505

da Silva, FF, Varella, MTDN, Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV, Denifl, S, Bald, I & Kopyra, J 2019, 'Electron-induced reactions in 3-bromo-pyruvic acid', Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 25, no. 21, pp. 5498-5506. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201806132

Mahatha, SK , Ngankeu, AS, Hinsche, NF, Mertig, I, Guilloy, K , Matzen, PL , Bianchi, M , Sanders, CE , Miwa, JA, Bana, H, Travaglia, E, Lacovig, P, Bignardi, L, Lizzit, D, Larciprete, R, Baraldi, A, Lizzit, S & Hofmann, P 2019, 'Electron-phonon coupling in single-layer MoS2', Surface Science, vol. 681, pp. 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.11.012

Mason, NJ & Field, D 2019, Electrons in space: the final (and first) frontier. in O Ingólfsson (ed.), Low energy electrons: fundamentals and applications . Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Singapore , Singapore, pp. 371-406.

Ferapontova, EE 2019, 'Electron Transfer in DNA at Electrified Interfaces', Chemistry - An Asian Journal, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 3773-3781. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201901024

Wei, Z, Li, W, Zhao, D, Seo, Y, Spinney, R, Dionysiou, DD, Wang, Y, Zeng, W & Xiao, R 2019, 'Electrophilicity index as a critical indicator for the biodegradation of the pharmaceuticals in aerobic activated sludge processes', Water Research, vol. 160, pp. 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.057

Laustsen, A & Bak, RO 2019, Electroporation-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Using Cas9 Protein and Chemically Modified sgRNAs. in Y Luo (ed.), Methods in Molecular Biology: Methods and protocols. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1961, pp. 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9170-9_9

Jin, L, Ye, J, Wang, Y, Qian, X & Dong, M 2019, 'Electrospinning Synthesis of ZIF-67/PAN Fibrous Membrane with High-capacity Adsorption for Malachite Green', Fibers and Polymers, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2070-2077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-1196-7

Kristensen, EF , Kristensen, JK & Jerdig, MF 2019, Electrostatic Precipitators for Small Straw Boilers. in 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, Firenze, European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, pp. 419-425, 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lisbon, Portugal, 27/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.5071/27thEUBCE2019-2AO.2.3

Guedes, P, Mateus, EP, Fernandes, JP & Ribeiro, AB 2019, 'Electro-technologies for the removal of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole from naturally contaminated cork discs: Reactor design and proof of concept', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 361, pp. 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.040

Hvenegaard-Lassen, K & Staunæs, D 2019, 'Elefanten i (bede)rummet. Raciale forsvindingsnumre, stemningspolitik og idiomatisk diffraktion', Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, no. 1-2, pp. 44-57. https://doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v28i1-2.116116

Goodarzi, F, Gentzis, T, Sanei, H & Pedersen, PK 2019, 'Elemental Composition and Organic Petrology of a Lower Carboniferous-Age Freshwater Oil Shale in Nova Scotia, Canada', ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 24, pp. 20773-20786. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03227

Scott, JM, Smith, SAF, Tarling, MS, le Roux, PJ, Harris, C, Hoffmann, JE, Scherzer, S & Tulley, CJ 2019, 'Element and Sr–O isotope redistribution across a plate boundary-scale crustal serpentinite mélange shear zone, and implications for the slab-mantle interface', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 522, pp. 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.034

Palle, J , Wittig, NK, Grünewald, T, Kubec, A, Burghammer, M, Rosenthal, M & Birkedal, H 2019, 'Element distributions and crystallographic properties of human bone at <140 nm resolution in 2D and 3D', International Conferences on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues, Montebello, Canada, 21/10/2019 - 25/10/2019.

International Group of Dental Nomenclature 2019, 'Elements of morphology:Standard terminology for the teeth and classifying genetic dental disorders', American Journal of Medical Genetics - Part A, vol. 179, no. 10, pp. 1913-1981. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.61316

Nomdedeu Rull, A, Hernández Hernández , H, Maldonado González, C & Tarp, S 2019, El estatus de la lexicografía: Nuevas y variadas respuestas a una antigua cuestión. in C Calvo Rigual & F Robles i Sabater (eds), La investigación en lexicografía hoy: Diccionarios bilingües, lingüística y uso del diccionario. vol. II, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, pp. 699-734.

Ritsinger, V, Jensen, J, Ohm, D, Omerovic, E, Koul, S, Fröbert, O, Erlinge, D, James, S, Lagerqvist, B & Norhammar, A 2019, 'Elevated admission glucose is common and associated with high short-term complication burden after acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART study', Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 582-584. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164119871540

Hansen, S, Shanbhogue, VV, Jørgensen, NR & Beck-Nielsen, SS 2019, 'Elevated Bone Remodeling Markers of CTX and P1NP in Addition to Sclerostin in Patients with X-linked Hypophosphatemia: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 104, no. 6, pp. 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00526-z

Tom-Dery, D, Eller, F, Fromm, J, Jensen, K & Reisdorff, C 2019, 'Elevated CO₂ does not offset effects of competition and drought on growth of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) seedlings', Agroforestry Systems, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 1807-1819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0286-7